lord of the flies

Civilisation vs savagery

The conflict between order and chaos, shown through Ralph (rules) and Jack (violence)

What does Golding suggest about human nature

Humans are naturally capable of evil when society’s rules are removed

What does the “beast” represent

The fear inside humans and their inner savagery, not a real creature

Theme of loss of innocence

The boys become violent and lose their childhood innocence on the island

What does Ralph represent

Order, leadership, democracy, and civilisation

What does Jack represent

Power, savagery, violence, and dictatorship

What does Piggy represent

Intelligence, logic, science, and rational thinking

What does Simon represent

Goodness, morality, and spiritual insight

What does Roger represent

Pure cruelty and lack of moral restraint

What do Sam and Eric represent

Conformity and how fear leads people to follow the group

“Maybe there is a beast… maybe it’s only us” means what

The real monster is human nature, not an external creature

“The conch exploded into a thousand white fragments” shows what

The complete destruction of order and civilisation

“The rules!” shouted Ralph shows what

His desperation to maintain order and structure

“Fancy thinking the Beast was something you could hunt and kill!” means what

Evil cannot be physically destroyed because it exists inside humans

What is symbolism in the novel

Objects like the conch, fire, and glasses represent ideas like order, hope, and knowledge

Why is Lord of the Flies an allegory

It represents a wider message about society and human nature

How does Golding use contrast

He contrasts Ralph (order) and Jack (chaos) to show opposing human instincts

Why is foreshadowing used

To hint early that civilisation will collapse and violence will increase