Macromolecules and their building blocks (nucleic acids)

What do DNA and RNA stand for

DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)

What is the central dogma?

DNA (gene) encodes RNA, which encodes protein

DNA contains the genetic blueprint of a cell.

Transcription of DNA (genes) yields RNA

Translation of messenger RNA (mRNA) yields protein

How are nucleic acids and nucleotides connected

Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids (polymers)

Nucleotides are made by the hydrolysis of the nucleic acid

Nucleic acids are made by dehydration of nucleotides

What are the 3 components of nucleotides

a nitrogenous base (A, C, G, T or U), a sugar (ribose or deoxyribose), phosphate (PO4)

What is the bond/linkage that holds nucleotides together in nucleic acids?

Phosphodiester bonds

What are the ends of nucleic acids

5' end has a phosphate group, 3' end has a hydroxyl group

Where is the next nucleotide monomer added

at the end of the 3' polymer

What are the basic pairing rules

G with C and A with T

What are the DNA strands in the double helix

anti-parallel

What are the major differences between DNA and RNA

RNA

contains ribose, contains uracil (U), often single-stranded

DNA

contains deoxyribose, contains thymine (T), double-stranded

Where is the nitrogenous base added?

Where is the phosphate group added?

1'

5'

What type of bond/interaction between nitrogenous bases holds two complementary strands of DNA together?

Hydrogen bonding