464 SLPs W9-16

What are vortices?

circular patterns of air created by the movement of an airfoil through the air when generating lift

what four factors determine vortex strength?

wingspan, wing shape, speed, weight

the strength of vortices diminish with:

time, distance, atmospheric turbulence

when close to the ground with zero wind, vortices from larger aircraft will move:

laterally within 100-200ft of the ground, 2-3knots laterally

crosswinds of 1-5knots will decrease or stall the movement of one vortex while ____ the movement of another vortex

increasing

tailwinds can move vortices ____ into the landing zone of aircraft initially trying to avoid the wake

forward

What is the only exception to issue rolling takeoff clearance to heavy or super aircraft?

when volcanic ash is present

Pilots can request additional separation for wake turbulence, but must make that request before

taxiing to the runway

Inform a LUAW aircraft of traffic within _ miles from the runway if on final requesting a landing procedure.

6

Do NOT authorize an aircraft to LUAW if

the intersection is not visible from the tower, or the departure point is not visible from the tower

phraseology to clear an aircraft for takeoff from a shortened runway

Runway (#) shortened, cleared for takeoff

If there are both aircraft on Alpha and Charlie for 28R, when clearing the aircraft on Alpha to takeoff, state

Runway 28R full length cleared for takeoff

Phraseology to cancel takeoff clearance

(callsign) cancel takeoff clearance (reason if applicable)

Cat I following Cat I SRS separation

3,000 ft

Cat II following Cat I or II SRS separation

4,500ft

SRS separation with a Cat III

6,000ft

SRS separation with helicopter involvement

visual separation may be applied in lieu of using distance minima

Separate a departing helicopter from other helicopters by ensuring it does not takeoff until:

a preceding, departing helicopter has left the takeoff area, or a preceding arriving helicopter has taxied off the landing area

If a helicopter is requesting departure from an area not visible from the tower, the phraseology should be          .

Departure from (location) will be at your own risk

what does ATIS stand for?

automatic terminal information service

what does the ATIS broadcast?

essential noncontrol information to reduce frequency congestion

what is the purpose of the ATIS/

improve controller effectiveness by reducing workload, relieve frequency congestion, and provide advanced noncontrol terminal area operational and meteorological information

what weather sources is the wind information obtained from?

ASOS/AWOS

The ATIS recording must be reviewed for ____________ before being transmitted.

completeness, accuracy, speech rate, and proper enunciation

In the event of a broadcast interruption of more than __ hours, identify the first resumed broadcast message as information Alpha.

12

What is the optimum duration of the ATIS?

30 seconds

When using the “OVERLAY/END” switch, the “ON LINE/MON EDIT/ RECORD” switch must be in the   position.

MON EDIT

Separate successive departures from the same runway/helipad or parallel runways/helicopter takeoff courses separated by less than 2,500ft as follows:

1 mile if course diverse by 15 degrees or more immediately after takeoff or 10 degrees or more when both aircraft are departing the same runway and flying an RNAV SID

What does ASOS stand for?

Automated Surface Observing System

What does the ASOS system do?

automatically generates aviation weather observation

What are the components of an ASOS?

sensor array, ACU (acquisition control unit), peripheral devices

Lightning strike info is transmitted to any ASOS within __ nautical miles

30

You will input the tower visibility directly into the ASOS when either the ASOS sensor visibility or the tower visibility is less than _ miles and the tower visibility changes by one or more reportable values.

4

You need to round from actual visibility to the ___ _____ reportable values.

next lowest

If the visibility is reported as 2 and 3/8s miles, what should the ASOS value be?

2 miles

You must augment for any form of ___ activity.

tornadic

For thunderstorms, what information needs to be in the ASOS system?

location, distance, direction of movement

Hot keys exist for the following weather phenomena and only generate standard messages

tornado, thunderstorm, hail, virga, volcanic ash

__ seconds are provided to complete ASOS recordings

90

A small downburst with outbursts of damaging winds extending 2.5 miles or less.

microburst

A ____ is the leading edge of gusty surface winds from thunderstorm downdrafts, sometimes associated with a shelf cloud or a roll cloud.

gust front

WSA is abbreviation for what

Wind Shear Alert

How would the following be said aloud?

32-A WSA 20K+ RWY 090 24

runway three two arrival, wind shear alert, two zero knot gain on the runway

What will alert the controller of a wind shear?

the audible alarm

If LLWAS display receives no date for approx 2 mins the display will read:

COMMUNICATION FAILURE

If LLWAS senses a problem at one or more sensors, the display reads:

STATION ERROR

If LLWAS receives no data from one or more sensors, the display reads:

COMM ERROR

Wind shear alerts must be issued to all arriving and departing aircraft until the alert is broadcast on the ATIS system and pilots indicate they have the code. It must be included on the ATIS for ___ mins following last report

20

Wind shear escapes are unplanned abortive maneuvers initiated by the pilot where they:

issue max thrust into low altitude terminal environments until conditions are no longer detected

A ___ is a routine (scheduled) observation prepared hourly

METAR

A ___ is an unscheduled observation taken when criteria to report one has been observed

SPECI

A ____ is a report of meteorological phenomena encountered by aircraft in flight.

PIREP

A ___ is a concise statement of the expected meteorological conditions significant to aviation within a 5 statute mile radius from the center of an airport’s runway complex during a 24 hour time period

TAF (Terminal Aerodrome Forecast)

An ____ is an inflight weather advisory issued to only amend the Aviation Surface Forecast, Cloud Forecast, or area forecast concerning weather phenomena that is considered hazardous.

AIRMET

What three categories of AIRMET are there?

Sierra (IFR conditions and mountain obscurations), Tango (moderate turb. sustained winds of 30k or more, non-convective LLWAS), Zulu (moderate icing, freezing level heights)

Visual separation is not authorized when the lead aircraft is a ____.

super

Visual separation may be applied between aircraft up to but not including ____ under pilot and tower applied visual separation.

FL180

__________ visual separation is when the controller maintains comms with at least one of the aircraft and the pilot sees the other aircraft and is instructed to maintain visual separation.

pilot applied

__________ visual separation is when comms are maintained with one aircraft and the tower observes the aircraft and issues timely traffic advisories

tower-applied

A _______ is an approach conducted on IFR flight plan authorizing the pilot to proceed visually and clear of clouds to the airport.

visual approach

When executing a visual approach, the pilot must have either the ____ or the __________ in sight

airport, preceding aircraft

Weather minimums for visual approaches are ceiling at or above _____ and visibility of _ miles or greater.

1,000 , 3

Weather minimums when vectoring aircraft for a visual approach are ceiling ___ feet above MVA and visibility of _ miles or more.

500, 3

A charted visual flight procedure is an approach conducted while operating an IFR flight plan which authorizes the pilot to:

proceed visually and clear of clouds to airport via landmarks and other info on the CVFP

What conditions must be met to operate a CVFP?

operating control tower, published procedure with specified approach clearances and landing runways, reported ceiling is aligned with vectoring minimums, aircraft can be instructed to maintain visual separation.

A _________ is when an aircraft on IFR plan with atc authorization, clear of clouds with at least 1 mile vis MAY deviate from instrument approach procedure and proceed to destination airport by visual reference.

contact approach

Conditions for a contact approach:

pilot requested the clearance

reported ground vis is at least _ SM

functioning ____________ exists for airport

approved ________ is maintained

an alternate clearance is issued if weather is not good

1, instrument approach, separation

What is the “big V” ?

a mnemonic device referring to the numerous visual operations

A _______ _____is any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle, or person on the protected area surface designated for landing or takeoff of an aircraft.

runway incursion

Runway incursions are primary caused by _____ ____ from persons such as pilots, controllers, vehicle operators, pedestrians.

human error

Factors of runway incursions include lack of awareness and improper/incomplete coordination of: ______, _______, and _______

clearances, communications, ground navigation

“Proceed as Requested” is ___ approved phraseology for instruction.

NOT