Patho Exam 1 - Chapter 3

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Aerobic metabolism

A process of energy production in cells that requires oxygen to convert glucose into ATP.

Anaerobic metabolism

A process of energy production that occurs without oxygen, resulting in the conversion of glucose into ATP and lactic acid.

Apoptosis

A programmed cell death process that eliminates damaged or unnecessary cells in a controlled manner.

Atrophy

The reduction in size or wasting away of an organ or tissue due to a decrease in cell size.

Dysplasia

An abnormal development or growth of cells, tissues, or organs, often indicating a precancerous condition.

Edema

The accumulation of excess fluid in the interstitial spaces of tissues, leading to swelling.

Gangrene

Occurs when a large mass of tissue develops necrosis. Can be dry or moist.

Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells in a tissue or organ, leading to its enlargement.

Hypertrophy

An increase in the size of existing cells in a tissue or organ, resulting in its enlargement.

Hypoxia

A condition in which there is a deficiency of oxygen in the tissues.

Ischemia

A reduced blood flow to a tissue, leading to a shortage of oxygen and nutrients needed for cellular metabolism.

Metaplasia

A reversible change in which one type of adult cell is replaced by another type of adult cell, often in response to chronic irritation.

Necrosis

The uncontrolled death of cells or tissues due to injury, infection, or lack of blood supply.