Identity Theory and Mind-Brain Correlation

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the core concepts of Identity Theory, different types of correlations, and arguments regarding the causal closure of the physical domain based on the lecture notes.

Correlation Thesis

The claim that for every type of mental state an individual is in, there is a particular brain state that occurs if and only if that mental state occurs at that time.

Nomological Necessity

Necessity based on contingent laws of nature rather than logical necessity or a necessary identity between mind and brain.

Common Cause Correlation

A correlation between two variables, like ice cream sales and violent crime, that is explained by a third factor, such as summer heat, affecting both.

Identity (Correlation Type)

A correlation where Two variables are correlated because they are really the same thing, such as the relationship between sicknesses and illnesses.

Two Aspects of the Same Event

A correlation where different terminologies or perspectives describe the same event, exemplified by the relationship between a killing and a dying.

Brute Fact

A fact or correlation, such as between the mind and brain, that exists without any further explanation or connection.

Emergentism

A view described by Jaeghwon Kim and David Chalmers where the mental emerges from or is responsible for the physical without implying physicalism.

Identity Theory

The theory that mental states simply are processes in the brain and that every type of mental state is a type of brain process.

J. J. C. Smart

The most well-known recent advocate of the identity theory who used an Occam's razor argument to support his position.

Nomological Dangler

A law of nature that hangs down from one level to another with no further connection or explanation at the lower level.

Principle of the Causal Closure of the Physical Domain

The principle stating that if any physical event is caused, then it has a sufficient physical cause.

Sufficient Physical Cause

An event that is enough on its own to bring about a physical effect, though it may not be the exclusive cause of that effect.

Firing Squad Example

A metaphysical example used to illustrate how an event can have two sufficient causes, such as two different shots that are each enough to cause a death.