OCR B GCSE History: The Elizabethans (wider world)
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38 Terms
Why did Elizabethans explore?
Trade, wealth, religion, national rivalry, curiosity
What impact did the Renaissance have on exploration?
New ideas about geography, science, and the world
Why did religion encourage exploration?
Desire to convert non-Christians
Why was trade a key motive?
To access spices, silk, and luxury goods
Why were spices important?
To preserve and flavour food
Why did England want new sea routes?
To avoid Spanish and Portuguese control
What was nationalism in exploration?
Competition between European powers for status and empire
Who was Dr John Dee?
Adviser who promoted idea of British Empire
What did John Dee contribute?
Navigation knowledge and idea of colonisation
What was Francis Drake's main achievement?
Circumnavigated the globe (1577-80)
Why was Drake important?
Attacked Spanish ships and brought back treasure
What was Humphrey Gilbert known for?
Claimed Newfoundland for England
Why did Gilbert fail?
Harsh conditions, lack of supplies, death at sea
What was Walter Raleigh's aim?
To establish colonies in North America
What was Roanoke?
Failed English colony in America
Why did Roanoke fail?
Lack of food, conflict with natives, poor planning
What was the importance of Roanoke?
Provided knowledge for later colonies (e.g. Virginia)
Who was Ralph Fitch?
Explorer who travelled to India and Asia
Why was Fitch important?
Provided knowledge of Eastern trade routes
What did Fitch discover?
Potential for direct trade with India and Asia
Who was James Lancaster?
Leader of early East Indies voyages
What did Lancaster achieve?
Helped establish East India Company trade
What was the East India Company (1600)?
Company with monopoly on trade with the East
What did the EIC establish?
Trading posts ("factories") in Asia
Where was the first EIC factory?
Bantam (Java)
What was the significance of the EIC?
Foundation of future British Empire in India
What companies expanded trade before EIC?
Levant Company, Muscovy Company
What is a joint-stock company?
Investors share risk and profit
What goods did England trade?
Cloth, coal, fish
What goods did England import?
Spices, silk, dyes
What shows trade was expanding?
New companies and growing number of ships
What limited Elizabethan trade?
Spanish/Portuguese dominance, dangerous routes
Why was exploration risky?
Storms, disease, starvation, unknown lands
Why did colonisation often fail?
Lack of supplies and poor relations with natives
What role did Spain play?
Main rival controlling global trade routes
Did exploration increase trade?
Yes, but slowly and with limitations
What is the overall judgement of Elizabethan exploration?
Laid foundations for empire but limited immediate success
What is the key interpretation debate?
Success vs limited impact of Elizabethan exploration