civi séance 9

Disruption of authority in England (1640-1642)

Period marked by growing distrust of the King's advisors and Charles I himself, leading to attempts by the Commons to limit the king's powers and control his decisions.

Abolition of episcopacy

The removal of the episcopal system in the Church of England, seen as a threat to the existing structure and alignment with the 'Jacobethan' Church.

English Civil Wars

Series of conflicts including the Bishops' Wars, Irish Rebellion, First and Second Civil Wars, Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, and the Anglo-Scottish War, involving Cavaliers and Roundheads.

Cavaliers & Roundheads

Two opposing factions during the English Civil Wars, with Cavaliers supporting the King and the existing system, while Roundheads backed Parliament and sought constitutional changes.

The First English Civil War (1642-1646)

Conflict characterized by battles like Edgehill and Naseby, the formation of the New Model Army, and the eventual surrender of Charles I to Parliament.

The Levellers

Democratic movement advocating popular sovereignty, religious freedom, and a republican constitution without a king or lords, led by figures like John Lilburne.

NMA's Heads of Proposals

Drafted during the Putney debates, these proposals aimed to reorganize state officials, limit royalist power, reform Parliament, and curtail the authority of bishops.

The Second Civil War (1648)

Revolts against the New Model Army, negotiations with the King, and the Scottish invasion culminating in the Battle of Preston and the end of the conflict.

The King's Trial

Charles I's trial by the Rump Parliament, marked by irregularities, lack of traditional legal procedures, and his refusal to acknowledge the court's legitimacy.

Interpreting the English Revolution

Views on the English Revolution varied, with interpretations ranging from a triumph of parliament over the king to a bourgeois revolution, reflecting differing historical perspectives.