APUSH Cold War

Yalta Conference

Roosevelt, Churchill, Stalin discuss desires for post WWII world; want Germany to hold free elections in Poland

Potsdam Conference

Truman, Stalin, Atlee; break Germany into 4 zones; Berlin was in Soviet zone, so Berlin was split

GATT (General Agreement on Treaties and Tariffs)

forms world bank; international monetary fund

United Nations (UN)

made up of security council (made up for 5 permanent seats) and general assembly

“Iron Curtain”

articulated by Churchill in a speech about how the Soviet Union was trying to control Europe through the satellite nations

US Foreign policy during this time period

based on collective security

Truman doctrine

advocated containment of communism by lending support to any country threatened by soviet communism

Marshall Plan

allocated $13 billion in aid to European countries to rebuild

containment

George Keenan’s plan to hold communism and not let it spread

Berlin blockade

soviet blockage of canal that provided to west berlin

Berlin Airlift

US and GB airlifted supplies to Berlin when they were cut off due to the blockade; frustrates Stalin

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)

13 nations joined in a military alliance without Soviet Union

Chinese Civil War

Com: Zedong

Nationalists: Shek

US pulled support from Shek which leads him to go to Taiwan while the Communists take mainland China

arms race

US and Soviets have race to see who would build more atomic bombs first

mutual assured destruction

if the US and Soviet Union engaged in a nuclear war, it would cause worldwide destruction

Korean War

also known as the Forgotten War; a proxy war between Soviet Union and US; a direct result of Truman’s containment policy

38th Parallel

divided North and South Korea

Douglas MacArthur

US General in Korean War

* wanted to invade China even though it was against direct orders
* gets fired by Truman
* “Old soldiers don’t die, they just fade away”

Dwight D Eisenhower

wins 1952 election vs Truman in a landslide; Sec of State Dulles didn’t believe in stockpiling weapons

Space Race

leads to National Defense Education Act; leads the US to build up a space program (found NASA) and spend money on scientific education

House of Unamerican Activities Committee (HUAC)

Senate committee dedicated to finding Russian spies

South East Asian Treaty Organization (SEATO)

founded to fight communism in Asia

Unrest behind the iron curtain

Poland, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia resented control of USSR and want economic and political freedom

* Poland workers strike
* Hungarian workers and students demonstration

Suez Crisis

The Egyptian government seized control of the Suez canal which stopped the flow oil and led GB & France to launch raids to get the canal back

Eisenhower Doctrine

US would use force to help any middle eastern countries threatened by communism; used to justify sending troops to Lebanon to put down anti-American revolts

Alger Hiss Case

Whitacre Chambers turns himself in as a spy, but says he got information from Hiss

Rosenbergs Case

Family put on trial as main culprits of a spy ring → put to death