AP Gov - Required Court Cases

AP TEST PREP

Marbury v. Madison (1803)

Article III - Judicial Review // The Supreme Court is allowed to nullify an act of the legislative or executive branch that violates the Constitution

McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)

Necessary and Proper Clause (Elastic Clause) + Supremacy Clause // Established supremacy of the U.S. Constitution and federal laws over state laws

Schenck v. United States (1919)

First Amendment Free Speech // Speech creating a “clear and present danger“ is not protected

Brown v. Board of Education (1954)

14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause // Race based segregation is illegal

Baker v. Carr (1961)

14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause // Established “one man, one vote” and opens doors for courts to review redistricting challenges

Engel v. Vitale (1962)

1st Amendment Establishment Clause // Schools cannot sponsor religious activities. No state sponsored prayer.

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

6th Amendment Right to Counsel // Guarantee of an attorney for the poor or indigent

Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District (1969)

First Amendment-Freedom of Speech (Symbolic Speech) // Public school students have the right to wear black armbands in school to protest the Vietnam War because it does not cause a disruption

New York Times Company v. United States (1971)

First Amendment-Freedom of Press // Established a “heavy presumption against prior restraint” even in cases involving national security

Wisconsin v. Yoder (1972)

First Amendment-Free Exercise Clause // Cannot compel Amish students to attend school past the eighth grade

Roe v. Wade (1973)

Due Process Clause and 9th Amendment implied right of privacy (establish through Griswold v. CT) // Protects the right of a woman to have an abortion

Shaw v. Reno (1993)

14th Amendment Equal Protection Clause // Legislative redistricting must be conscious of race

United States v. Lopez (1995)

Commerce Clause // Congress may not use the commerce clause to make possession of a gun in a school zone a federal crime

McDonald v. Chicago (2010)

14th Amendment due process clause, Privileges and Immunities Clause, 2nd Amendment // Right to keep and bear arms for self-defense applies to the states

Citizens United v. FEC (2010)

1st Amendment Free Speech // Political spending by corporations, associations, and labor unions is protected and cannot be limited by law; Money = Speech