Chapter 11: The Later Middle Ages

Italian writer Giovanni Boccaccio

The ________ (1313- 1375), describing the course of the disease in Florence in the preface to his book of tales, The Decameron, identified what many knew- that the disease passed from person to person.

English revolt

The ________ was ignited by the reimposition of a tax on all adult males.

Central Asia

Plague- infested rats accompanied Mongol armies and merchant caravans carrying silk, spices, and gold across ________ in the 1330s.

Bridget of Sweden

________ (1303- 1373) was a noblewoman who journeyed to Rome after her husbands death.

Fourteenth century medical literature

________ indicates that physicians tried many different methods to prevent and treat the plague.

High mortality

________ produced a fall in production, shortages of goods, and a general rise in prices.

Geoffrey Chaucer

________ (1342- 1400) was an official in the administrations of the English kings Edward III and Richard II and wrote poetry as an avocation.

Asia

The plague ravaged populations in ________, North Africa, and Europe; in western Europe a long international war that began a decade or so before the plague struck and lasted well into the next century added further misery.

1315

Almost all of northern Europe suffered a Great Famine in the years ________ to 1322, which contemporaries interpreted as a recurrence of the biblical "seven lean years "that afflicted Egypt.

Cannon

________ revolutionized warfare, making the stone castle no longer impregnable.

Defensor Pacis

In his ________ (The Defender of the Peace), Marsiglio argued against the medieval idea of a society governed by both church and state, with church supreme.

Edward III

In 1329 ________ formally recognized Philip VIs lordship over Aquitaine.

Genoese

In October 1347 ________ ships brought the plague from Kaffa to Messina, from which it spread across Sicily.

£5 million

England spent the huge sum of over ________ on the war effort, and despite the money raised by some victories, the net result was an enormous financial loss.

Holland

In ________ beginning in the late fourteenth century, a group of pious laypeople called the Brethren and Sisters of the Common Life lived in stark simplicity while daily carrying out the Gospel teaching of feeding the hungry, clothing the naked, and visiting the sick.

large scale rebellion

The first ________ was in the Flanders region of present- day Belgium in the 1320s.

Urban VI

________ (pontificate 1378- 1389) had excellent intentions for church reform, but he (Bartolomeo Prignano) went about it in a tactless manner.

Edward

________ was not able to take all of France, but the English held Aquitaine and other provinces, and allied themselves with many of Frances nobles.

Canterbury Tales

His ________ is a collection of stories in lengthy rhymed narrative.

Plague

________ continues to infect rodent and human populations sporadically today.

technological experimentation

The war stimulated ________, especially with artillery.

religious faith

The schism weakened the ________ of many Christians and brought church leadership into serious disrepute.

devotional preference

In the thirteenth century lay Christian men and women had formed confraternities, voluntary lay groups organized by occupation, ________, neighborhood, or charitable activity.

Avignon

The popes lived in ________ from 1309 to 1376, a period in church history often called the Babylonian Captivity (referring to the seventy years the ancient Hebrews were held captive in Mesopotamian Babylon)

France

The war began with a series of French sea raids on English coastal towns in 1337, but the French fleet was almost completely destroyed when it attempted to land soldiers on English soil, and from that point on the war was fought almost entirely in ________ and the Low Countries.

Divine Comedy

The ________ portrays contemporary and historical figures, comments on secular and ecclesiastical affairs, and draws on the Scholastic philosophy of uniting faith and reason.

development of ethnic identities

The ________ had many negative consequences, but a more positive effect was the increasing use of the vernacular, that is, the local language that people actually spoke, rather than Latin.

Same sex relations

________ were of relatively little concern to church or state authorities in the early Middle Ages, but this attitude changed beginning in the late twelfth century.

Plague symptoms

________ were first described in 1331 in southwestern China, then part of the Mongol Empire.

English Peasants Revolt

The ________ did not bring social equality to England, but rural serfdom continued to decline, disappearing in England by 1550.

Same sex relations

________- what in the late nineteenth century would be termed "homosexuality- "were another feature of medieval urban life (and of village life, though there are very few sources relating to sexual relations of any type in the rural context)