LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

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23 Terms

1

Lymph

  • Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels

  • Essentially a drainage system accessory to venous system

  • Larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system

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2

Functions of lymphatic system

  • Network that filters antigens from the interstitial fluid

  • Primary site of immune response from tissue antigens

  • Lymphatic drainage in all organs of the body except brain, eyes, marrow and cartilage

  • Flaccid thin walled channels → progressive caliber

  • 600 lymph nodes in body

  • Slow flow, low pressure system returns interstitial fluid to the blood system

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3

Tissue fluid

________ (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels.

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4

Components of lymphatics

  • Lymph

  • Lymphatic Vessels

  • Lymphatic Organs

  • Lymphatic cells

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5

Lymphatic capillaries

Features of structure:

  • Blind end

  • Single layer of overlapping endothelial cells

  • More permeable than that of blood capillary

  • Absent from avascular structures, brain, spinal cord splenic pulp and bone marrow

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6

Lymphatic Vessels

  • Three layered wall but thinner than vein

  • More numerous valves than in vein

  • Interposed by lymph nodes at intervals

  • Arranged in superficial and deep sets

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7

Lymph Trunks

  • Right and left jugular trunks

  • Right and left subclavian trunks

  • Right and left broncho mediastinal trunk

  • Right and left lumbar trunks

  • Intestinal trunk

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8

Lymphatic ducts

  • Right lymphatic duct

  • Thoracic duct

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9

Lymphatic cells

  • Also called lymphoid cells

  • Located in both the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system.

  • Work together to elicit an immune response.

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10

Types of lymphatic cells

  • Macrophages

  • Epithelial cells

  • Dendritic cells

  • Lymphocytes

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11

Primary organs

  • Red bone marrow

  • Thymus gland

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12

Secondary organs

  • Lymph nodes

  • Lymph nodules

  • Spleen

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13

Lymph nodes

  • Capsular shell

  • Fibroblasts and reticulin fibers

  • Macrophages

  • Dendritic cells

  • T cells

  • B cells

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14

Head and Neck Nodes

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15

Axillary nodes

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16

Inguinal Lymph Nodes

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17

Lymphargitis

  • Inflammation of the lymph vessels

  • Commonest cause bacteria called streptococcus pyogenes (most common).

  • Lymph vessels appear as red streaks through the skin

<ul><li><p>Inflammation of the lymph vessels</p></li><li><p>Commonest cause bacteria called streptococcus pyogenes (most common).</p></li><li><p>Lymph vessels appear as red streaks through the skin</p></li></ul>
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18

Filariasis

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19

Lymphedema

  • Occurs due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue

  • Sometimes can be appreciated after wearing tight clothing or jewelry on affected limb

<ul><li><p>Occurs due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue</p></li><li><p>Sometimes can be appreciated after wearing tight clothing or jewelry on affected limb</p></li></ul>
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20

Lymphadenopathy

  • Means a disease of the lymph nodes

  • Lymph nodes become swollen/ enlarged and may be painful to touch

<ul><li><p>Means a disease of the lymph nodes</p></li><li><p>Lymph nodes become swollen/ enlarged and may be painful to touch</p></li></ul>
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21

Lymphomas

Cancers originating either from the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes or the lymphatic tissue in organs

<p>Cancers originating either from the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes or the lymphatic tissue in organs</p>
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22

Tonsillitis

  • Infection of the pharyngeal tonsils

  • Tonsils are swollen, Fever and pain during swallowing usually present

<ul><li><p>Infection of the pharyngeal tonsils</p></li><li><p>Tonsils are swollen, Fever and pain during swallowing usually present</p></li></ul>
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23

Formation and transport of tissue fluid

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