Exam 5 - Female Reproductive Anatomy & Gametes

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Last updated 6:09 PM on 4/30/26
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11 Terms

1
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Describe the cellular differences between developed follicles

Primordial: contains “follicular cells”

Primary: Contains granulosa cells

Secondary: Contains theca + granulosa cells

Tertiary: Antrum + theca cells + granulosa cells

2
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What is the earliest stage a follicle can begin producing estrogen?

Secondary follicle

  • Need both theca and granulosa cells

3
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What are the three phases of the ovarian cycle?

  1. Follicular phase

  2. Ovulation

  3. Luteal phase

4
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What occurs during the follicular phase of the ovarian cycle?

  • Proliferation of granulosa + theca cells

  • Antrum formation

  • Estradiol formation

5
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What do theca cells produce? Describe the process. What hormone is required to facilitate this process?

  • Theca cells use LH (luteinizing hormone) to convert cholesterol to progesterone

    • Progesterone is then converted to androstenedione

6
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What do granulosa cells produce? Describe the process. What hormone is required to facilitate this process?

  • Granulosa cells convert androstenedione to testosterone

    • FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) is then used to convert testosterone to estradiol

7
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What occurs during ovulation?

Follicle ruptures; wall of follicle is broken down by proteases/collagenases/prostaglandins

  • ovum released into abdominal cavity

8
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What occurs during the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle?

Follicular wall turns into the corpus luteum (secretes estrogen & progesterone and relaxin/inhibin)

9
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T/F: The stratum basalis replaces the stratum functionalis after menstruation

True

10
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What are the phases of the uterine cycle? What happens in each phase?

  1. Menses (shedding of S.F.) (~5 days)

  2. Proliferative phase (regrowing S.F.) (~8-10 days)

  3. Secretory phase (secretion of mucus via estrogen/progesterone to prep for potential implantation) (after ovulation - day 28)

11
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What hormone is released by a developing embryo to the mother? What does this do?

  • hCG (human chorionic gonadotropin)

    • Discourages dissolution of the corpus luteum to support pregnancy