sports med unit 2 vocab

Hematuria

blood in urine, sign of internal bleeding

Emergency

A potentially life or limb threatening injury or illness/Things that need to be recognized and dealt with quickly

Non Emergency

Still can cause harm but probably not imminently dangerous

Emergency Action Plan

The primary goal is to preserve central nervous system and cardiovascular function, and provide the quickest and most effective care/Preparation is key, the plan should be discussed, reworked, and practiced on a yearly basis

Cranial Nerves

12 paired sets that control certain actions or sensations of the head, neck, and face/Each nerve can be described as controlling either motor or sensory, or both

Concussion

Defined as mild traumatic brain injury/less of a physical injury to the brain, but more as a disruption of electrical signals

Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy

A degenerative brain disease seen in those with a history of repetitive head trauma/Tau protein in the brain forms clumps in the brain and spreads over time/The diagnosis must be confirmed through an autopsy

Subdural Hematoma

caused by a rupture to a vein near the surface of the skull/Bleeding occurs between the dura mater and the brain/Symptoms present slowly: hours or days after injury

Epidural Hematoma

caused by a rupture to an artery near the surface of the skull/Bleeding occurs between the skull and the dura mater

AED

automated external defibrillator/help those experiencing sudden cardiac arrest/delivers an electric shock through the chest to the heart when it detects an abnormal rhythm

Tachycardia

a heart rate over 100 beats per minute

Bradycardia

a heart rate less than 60 beats per minute

Sudden Cardiac Arrest

Abrupt loss of heart function, breathing, and consciousness usually caused by an electrical disturbance

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Abnormal thickening of the myocardium of the left ventricle/Makes it harder for the heart to pump blood to the body/Many people can live normal lives with no complications, however, this can cause sudden death

Myocardial Infarction

also known as heart attack/caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium

Ventricular Fibrillation

Occurs when the heart beats with erratic, uncoordinated, rapid electrical impulses/Causes ventricles to quiver and not pump blood effectively

Ventricular Tachycardia

a fast, abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia)/starts in your heart's lower chambers, called the ventricles/defined as 3 or more heartbeats in a row, at a rate of more than 100 beats a minute

Primary Survey

the initial assessment and management of a trauma patient

Secondary Survey

takes a closer look at injuries sustained by athletes, and monitors vital signs to check if a patient is improving or deteriorating

Level of Consciousness

(LOC) a term used to describe a person's awareness and understanding of what is happening in his or her surroundings

Pulse

(heart rate) simple measurement of the number of heart beats per minute felt at different superficial arterial locations/normal range between 50-90 BPM

Blood Pressure

measurement of the pressure the heart exerts on the walls of the arteries/using and stethoscope and sphygmomanometer/normal range is <120 over <80

Temperature

very easy way that can help determine so many health conditions/normal temp 97-99/non contact forehead thermometer is best for patients at rest/temp over 100 for non exercising person is considered elevated

Respiration Rate

(breathing rate) measuring is done by placing a hand on the patients chest, shoulder, or back and count number of breaths per minute/do 15 seconds and multiply by 4/normal respirations are 12-20 per minute

Pulse Oximeter

a noninvasive device placed on the fingertip that measures your blood oxygen levels and pulse

Stethoscope

helps amplify internal body sounds from the heart, lungs, and bowls

Sphygmomanometer

an instrument for measuring blood pressure

Korotkoff Sounds

The sounds detected by the stethoscope in the auscultatory blood pressure measurement

Capillary Refill

Pinch up the tip of a finger until it goes white/Normal refill takes 2 seconds or less

Skin Turgor

Pinch up skin in the middle of the hand/If it takes more than 3 seconds to return there is poor turgor and the patient is possibly dehydrated

Hemorrhage

loss of blood from a damaged blood vessel/the bleeding can be inside or outside the body/blood loss can be minor or major

Hypovolemic Shock

Caused by a decrease in available blood in circulatory system- loss of blood pressure and blood to the brain

Anaphylactic Shock

Epinephrine injectors like the EpiPen are used to ameliorate situations when an extreme allergic reaction causes anaphylaxis/patient is having an allergic reaction

Axial Load

Application of weight or force along the course of the long axis of the body

Coup

injury occurs under the site of impact with an object

Contrecoup

injury occurs on the side opposite the area that was hit

Somnolence

unable to be woken up, strong desire to fall asleep

Syncope

fainting or passing out

Post-Concussion Syndrome

In about 10-15% of concussions, the symptoms will linger for longer than three months

Second Impact Syndrome

when athletes in the acute recovery stages of a concussion sustain a second concussion

Bloodborne Pathogens

microorganisms such as viruses or bacteria that are carried in blood and can cause disease in people

Occupational Safety and Health Administration

assures safe and healthful working conditions by setting and enforcing standards, and by providing training, outreach, education and assistance

Tourniquet

A tourniquet is a device that is used to apply pressure to a limb or extremity in order to stop the flow of blood

Abrasions

typically a minor wound/superficial injury that occurs on the skin and visceral linings of the body, disrupting tissue continuity

Laceration

tears on soft body tissue (cut)