ch 21 anatomy blood vessels - know what goes into what

arties vs veins

efferent vesseles carry AWAY heart

vs

afferentvesseles carry blood TOWARD heart

whats a capillarie

microscopic vessels that connnect smal arteries to small veins, important in gas/nutrient exchange in organs

what three layers consist the vessel walls

tunica interna intima, tunica media, tunica externa/adventitia

layers (of vessel wall) are AKA ….

tunics

inner layer name and what it is (of vessel wall)

tunica interna (intima)

simple squamous endothelium, slikc lining for smooth blood flow, some things are permeable barrier

middle layer (of vessel wall) name and what it is

tunica media

thick with smooth muscle, collagen, sometimes elastic

vasoconstriction (close blood vessel) and vasodilation (increase blood flow)

outer layer (of vessel wall) name and what it is

tunica externa

loos connective tissue

anchors vessel to surrounding

what is vaso vasorum

the network of small vessels for large vessels (aorta/vena cava) bc they are so large

largest artery

aorta

why are arteries resistance vessles

they can withstand high blood pressure bc the heart pumps

biggest arteries type name

conducting (elastic) artiers

describe conducting/elastic arteries

biggest, absorbs & maintains pressure

midsized arteries type name

distributing (muscular)

distributing muscular arteries description

distributes blood → specific organs

• ie femoral or hepatic

smallest arteries type name

resisteance arteries or arterioles

resistance arteries/arterioles describe

smallest leading up to capillary bed

contain precapillary sphinter only allowing certain amount of blood (into capillaries)

no specificnames

metarterioles

what are metarterioles

part of resistance arteries that are a subtype that link arterioles & capillaries

what capillaries handle nutrients, wastes, and hormones btween blood & tissue fluid

exchange vessiels

what do exchange vessels made up of

wall of endothelium (simple squamous) and basal lamina/basement membrane

capillary tyepes (3)

continous, fenestrated, sinusoid

continous capillary - made up of, location

endothelial cells joined by tight junctions

some intercellular celfts present

mostly in organs

fenestrated capillary

endothelial cells have filtratiion pores facilitating exchange

commonly in kidneys

sinusoid (discontinous capillry)

iregular passages w/ wide gaps btween endothelial cells

commonly found in liver/spleen

what happens in capillary beds when tissue is active

the precapillar sphinters with relax/open and capillaries fill with blood

what happens in capillary beds when tissue is inactive

precapillary sphincters close and blodo flows from metarteriole to thoroughfare channel

what vessels contain most of blood at any given time in circulatory system

capacitance vessels

4 types of veins

postcapillary venules, muscular venules, medium veins, large veins

poscapillary venules vs muscular venules (both veins)

• porous, allows exchange

• smooth muscle in wall (tunica media)

medium vs large viens

individually named veins with valves

smooth muscle in all tunics

distribution of blood in veins @resting adult

64% (60-70)

distribution of blood in pulmonary circuit @resting adult

9%

distribution of blood in heart @resting adult

7%

distribution of blood in arteries @resting adult

15%

distribution of blood in capillaries @resting adult

5%

distribution of blood in systemic circuit @resting adult

84%

skeletal muscle pump

l the muscle activity that squeezes veins and forces blood thru one way vales towards heart

circulatory routes types (3)

simple path, portal system, anastomosis

simple path

the artery to capillary to vein (circulatory route)

portal system

sequencee of two capillary beds

(circulatory route)

anastomosis

vessel merger without intervening capillary bed (circulatory route)

pulmonary trunk

unparied vessel from right ventricile

pulmonary arteries

carry oxygen POOR blood

one on each side

pulmonary veins

carry oxygen RICH blood

two from each side enter Left atrium

how artiers branch of (aorta or brain)

what to know for major systemic arteries

major branches of the aorta

ascending aorta, aortic arch (3 arteries), and descending aorta

ascending aorta

left and right coronary artery (first branches of aorta)

aortic arch (what are the 3 arteries)

brachiocephalic aorta, left common cartoid artery, left subclavian artery

descending aorta

thoracic aorta and abdominal aoarta

where are the common caratoid a, external carotoid a, and internal carotoid a and vertebral a located

neck

major arteries of the thorax (7)

brachiocephalic trunk/a. subclavian a. internal thoracic a. anterior/posterial intercostal a. descending aorta, bronchia aa. esophageal aa.

veins of thorax 5

(u dont rlly need to know this slide ?? )

what are the major veins of abdomic/pelvic area

hepatic portal vein

blood from GI tract sent to liver before goingback to heart

what fomrs the hepatic portal vein

superior mesenteric vein and splenic vein

what empties into the hepatic portal vein

inferior mesenteric vein, cystic vein, gastric vein, and pancreativ vein

major arteries of upper limb

• know the order

major veins of upper limb

• know the order

arteries of lower limb

veins of lower limb

changes at birth (fetal circulation)