EDF 6225 Exam 1 study guide

Which of the following best describes negative reinforcement?

Removing a stimulus to increase a behavior

3 multiple choice options

Who developed Methodological Behaviorism?

Watson

2 multiple choice options

What is an example of conditioned positive reinforcement?

A student earns praise for completing homework

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is an example of negative punishment?

A parent takes away a child's video game for misbehaving

3 multiple choice options

Unconditioned positive reinforcement involves:

Reinforcers that naturally increase behavior, such as food or warmth

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is an example of positive punishment?

Adding extra chores after breaking a rule

3 multiple choice options

Negative reinforcement and punishment are the same thing.

False

1 multiple choice option

A conditioned reinforcer is one that has been learned through association with a primary reinforcer.

True

1 multiple choice option

Positive punishment decreases behavior by adding an aversive stimulus.

True

1 multiple choice option

Unconditioned punishers require learning to be effective.

False

1 multiple choice option

Negative reinforcement increases behavior by removing an aversive stimulus.

True

1 multiple choice option

The removal of an aversive stimulus to increase behavior is called ___________.

Negative Reinforcement

A naturally occurring stimulus that increases behavior, such as food or warmth, is an example of ___________ reinforcement.

Unconditioned Positive

A learned stimulus, such as praise or money, that increases behavior is an example of ___________ reinforcement.

Conditioned Positive

The addition of an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior is called ___________.

Positive Punishment

Taking away a desired stimulus, such as removing a toy after misbehavior, is an example of ___________.

Negative Punishment

Which of the following includes hypothetical concepts and explanatory fiction?

Mentalism

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following includes internal processes (private events) in explaining behavior?

Radical Behaviorism

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following does NOT include internal processes (private events) in explaining behavior?

Methodological Behaviorism

3 multiple choice options

Who is most closely associated with Classical Conditioning?

Ivan Pavlov

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following emphasizes the role of consequences in shaping behavior?

Skinner's Radical Behaviorism

3 multiple choice options

What concept suggests that events are predetermined and inevitable, independent of individual behavior?

Fatalism

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following involves the scientific study of behavior under controlled conditions?

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

3 multiple choice options

Pragmatism focuses on practical applications of behavior principles rather than theoretical explanations.

True

1 multiple choice option

Methodological behaviorism acknowledges internal events such as thoughts and emotions as causes of behavior.

False

1 multiple choice option

B.F. Skinner developed the concept of radical behaviorism, which considers both observable behavior and private events.

True

1 multiple choice option

Fatalism suggests that behavior is determined by prior events and is predictable.

False

1 multiple choice option

Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) is primarily focused on practical interventions to improve socially significant behavior.

True

1 multiple choice option

Mentalism is based on observable and measurable behavior rather than hypothetical constructs.

False

1 multiple choice option

The study of behavior under controlled laboratory conditions is known as ___________.

Experimental Analysis of Behavior

The belief that behavior is controlled by fate or destiny, regardless of individual actions, is called ___________.

Fatalism

The school of thought that focuses only on observable behavior and excludes internal mental processes is ___________.

Methodological Behaviorism

The perspective that behavior is lawful, predictable, and influenced by environmental variables is called ___________.

Determinism

The approach that considers both observable behavior and private events in behavioral science is called ___________.

Radical Behaviorism

Theorist ___________ is associated with Classical Conditioning, where stimuli elicit automatic responses.

Ivan Pavlov

Theorist ___________ is known for Operant Conditioning, which focuses on reinforcement and punishment.

B.F. Skinner

Which assumption of science states that all events, including human behavior, occur as a result of other events and are not random?

Determinism

3 multiple choice options

Which assumption of science involves relying on objective observation and measurement rather than personal beliefs or intuition?

Empiricism

3 multiple choice options

A researcher conducts a study on the effects of reinforcement on student participation. Another researcher repeats the study using a different group of students and obtains similar results. This is an example of:

Replication

3 multiple choice options

A scientist conducts an experiment to test a hypothesis and manipulates an independent variable to observe changes in a dependent variable. This process is an example of:

Experimentation

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following best represents the assumption of parsimony?

A researcher considers the simplest explanation before looking at more complex ones.

3 multiple choice options

A researcher finds evidence that contradicts a long-standing theory and questions whether the old theory is still valid. This is an example of:

Philosophical Doubt

3 multiple choice options

The assumption of empiricism means that scientific knowledge is based on observation and measurement, not subjective opinions.

True

1 multiple choice option

Replication is important in science because it allows researchers to confirm the reliability of findings.

True

1 multiple choice option

The assumption of determinism means that behavior occurs randomly and without cause.

False

1 multiple choice option

Experimentation involves manipulating variables to determine their effects on behavior.

True

1 multiple choice option

Philosophical doubt encourages scientists to accept current findings without question.

False

1 multiple choice option

Parsimony states that the most complex explanation should always be considered first when analyzing behavior.

False

1 multiple choice option

When conducting an experiment, a researcher manipulates the ___________ variable to measure its effect on the ___________ variable.

Independent; dependent

A researcher wants to study the effects of praise on classroom behavior. They observe students in different conditions: one group receives praise for participating, and another group does not. The researcher measures participation rates. This scenario demonstrates which assumption?

Experimentation

3 multiple choice options

After conducting a study on the effects of reinforcement, a scientist shares their findings. Another researcher replicates the study and finds the same results. This scenario illustrates:

Replication

3 multiple choice options

A teacher notices that when students receive positive reinforcement, they are more likely to participate in class. The teacher assumes that there is a cause-and-effect relationship rather than random chance. This best represents which assumption?

Determinism

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic of ABA focuses on socially significant behaviors that improve the lives of individuals?

Applied

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic of ABA requires interventions to be described in detail so they can be replicated?

Technological

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic of ABA ensures that changes in behavior are functionally related to the intervention and not due to other factors?

Analytic

3 multiple choice options

The characteristic that requires ABA procedures to be rooted in principles of behavior analysis rather than unscientific methods is called:

Conceptually Systematic

3 multiple choice options

An ABA intervention is considered effective if:

It leads to significant behavior change that improves quality of life.

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic ensures that behavior change continues in different settings, across people, and over time?

Generality

3 multiple choice options

Which characteristic requires that ABA focuses on observable and measurable behaviors rather than hypothetical constructs?

Behavioral

3 multiple choice options

Who established the seven dimensions of ABA?

Baer, Wolf, & Risley (1968)

3 multiple choice options

The “Applied” characteristic of ABA means that interventions should focus on behavior that is socially significant.

True

1 multiple choice option

The “Analytic” characteristic ensures that interventions are based on guesswork rather than data-driven decisions.

False

1 multiple choice option

The “Technological” characteristic of ABA requires that procedures are clearly described so they can be replicated.

True

1 multiple choice option

ABA interventions must be “Effective,” meaning they should lead to meaningful and lasting behavior change.

True

1 multiple choice option

Generalization is not an important goal of ABA interventions.

False

1 multiple choice option

“Conceptually Systematic” means ABA practices should be consistent with behavior-analytic principles.

True

1 multiple choice option

“Behavioral” in ABA refers to changing emotions and thoughts rather than observable behaviors.

False

1 multiple choice option

The characteristic of ABA that ensures the focus is on observable and measurable behavior is called ___________.

Behavioral

Ensuring that interventions are effective in different environments, with different people, and over time is an example of ___________.

Generality

The characteristic that requires ABA interventions to be described clearly so they can be replicated by others is called ___________.

Technological

A study that proves an intervention is responsible for behavior change by manipulating variables is considered ___________.

Analytic

A BCBA ensures that their intervention aligns with well-established behavioral principles rather than unrelated theories. This is an example of ___________.

Conceptually Systematic

If a behavior change occurs, but it does not improve the individual's life, the intervention is not truly ___________.

Effective

A behavior analyst implements a reinforcement strategy to increase on-task behavior in a classroom. The same strategy is later used at home with the same child, and it is still effective. This demonstrates which characteristic of ABA?

Generality

3 multiple choice options

A BCBA writes a detailed intervention plan that includes specific steps for reinforcement, prompting, and data collection so that another therapist can implement it exactly as intended. This is an example of:

Technological

3 multiple choice options

A researcher implements an intervention and collects data showing a clear functional relationship between the intervention and behavior change. This demonstrates which characteristic?

Analytic

3 multiple choice options

An intervention designed to reduce problem behavior focuses on behaviors that interfere with the child's ability to learn and communicate. This demonstrates which characteristic of ABA?

Applied

3 multiple choice options

A BCBA ensures that all interventions used in a clinic are based on the principles of behavior analysis, rather than using unproven or unrelated psychological theories. This is an example of:

Conceptually Systematic

3 multiple choice options

A stimulus that signals reinforcement is available for a specific behavior is called a:

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

3 multiple choice options

A stimulus that does NOT signal reinforcement is available is called a:

Stimulus Delta (SΔ)

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following alters the value of a reinforcer or punisher and influences the frequency of behavior?

Motivating Operation (MO)

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is an example of an antecedent?

A loud alarm goes off before someone wakes up and turns it off.

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following best describes Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA)?

The application of behavior principles to socially significant behavior to improve quality of life.

3 multiple choice options

Which of the following is an example of operant behavior?

A student raising their hand to answer a question.

3 multiple choice options

A behavior is anything an organism does, including internal thoughts and emotions.

False

1 multiple choice option

Operant conditioning involves the relationship between behavior and its consequences.

True

1 multiple choice option

A discriminated operant occurs when a behavior is reinforced only in the presence of a specific stimulus.

True

1 multiple choice option

A motivating operation (MO) always increases the likelihood of a behavior occurring.

False (it can increase or decrease behavior)

1 multiple choice option

A consequence is an event that follows a behavior and influences its future occurrence.

True

1 multiple choice option

Behavior repertoire refers to all behaviors an organism has learned and can perform.

True

1 multiple choice option

A stimulus is any event or condition that affects behavior.

True

1 multiple choice option

A behavior that is reinforced only under certain conditions is called a ___________.

Discriminated Operant

A stimulus that signals reinforcement is available for a specific response is called a ___________.

Discriminative Stimulus (SD)

A stimulus that does NOT signal reinforcement is available is called a ___________.

Stimulus Delta (SΔ)

The process of changing behavior by manipulating consequences is called ___________.

Operant Conditioning

A group of stimuli that share common characteristics and have the same effect on behavior is called a ___________.

A group of behaviors that look different but serve the same function is called a ___________.

Response Class

An event or stimulus that occurs before a behavior and influences it is called an ___________.

Antecedent

An event that occurs after a behavior and influences future behavior is called a ___________.

Consequence

A teacher gives a student a gold star every time they complete their homework. The gold star is functioning as a:

Consequence

3 multiple choice options