GCU BIO-319 FINAL EXAM REVIEW

Energy yielding (calorie containing) nutrients are all

Macronutrients

Which tissues typically store glycogen?

Muscle and liver

Complex carbohydrates include all of the following except:

A. Monosaccharides and disaccharides

B. Dietary fiber

C. Polysaccharides

D. Glycogen

A. Monosaccharides and disaccharides

Carbohydrate digestion begins

In the mouth with salivary amylase

Which lipid is an essential nutrient?

A. Lecithin

B. Stearic acid

C. Cholesterol

D. Linolenic acid

D. Linolenic acid

A major feature of the Mediterranean diet is liberal intake of:

A. Chicken and eggs

B. Lean red meat and bread

C. Plant based foods and fish

D. Cheese and dairy

C. Plant based foods and fish

Where is bile produced?

Liver

A fatty acid that contains only carbon-carbon single bonds is called

A saturated fatty acid

What is the primary factor that differentiates one amino acid from another?

A. The side group

B. The number of oxygen atoms

C. The central carbon atom

D. The number of nitrogen atoms

A. The side group

Which process describes the sum of all chemical reactions that go on in living cells?

A. Digestion

B. Metabolism

C. Absorption

D. Catabolism

B. Metabolism

Which modifiable factor has the most impact on the body's metabolic rate?

A. Age

B. Amount of fat tissue

C. Gender

D. Amount of lean body tissue

D. Amount of lean body tissue

Among the following groups, which has the highest metabolic rate?

A. Females

B. 25 year old individuals

C. 65 year old individuals

D. People with smaller surface areas

B. 25 year old individuals

What is a safe rate of weight loss on a long term basis for most overweight people?

0.5-2lbs/week

Vitamin C deficiency results in

Scurvy

Rickets is a disease caused by

Vitamin D deficiency

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

A. Energy metabolism

B. Calcium utilization

C. Blood clotting

D. Epithelial tissue renewal

C. Blood clotting

Which vitamin's function includes vision and maintaining the cornea?

Vitamin A

Calcium absorption is facilitated by the presence of:

A. Fiber

B. Oxalic acid

C. Vitamin D

D. Glucose

C. Vitamin D

Goiter is primarily caused by a deficiency of:

A. Iron

B. Selenium

C. Zinc

D. Iodine

D. Iodine

A primary role for iron in the human body is to

Transport oxygen in the blood

Foods high in _____ should be emphasized in the diets of children and adolescents.

A. Iron

B. Fat

C. Calcium

D. Protein

A. Iron

Limiting ____ is important for the prevention of chronic diseases such as diabetes and heart disease.

A. Saturated fat

B. Non essential fatty acids

C. Unsaturated fat

D. Dairy

A. Saturated fat

Breastfed infants need daily supplementation of _____.

A. Vitamin E

B. Vitamin C

C. Vitamin D

D. Riboflavin

C. Vitamin D

At least _____ minutes of daily physical activity is recommended for children.

60

Energy yielding nutrient that provides the majority of kcalories in breast milk or infant formula

Fat

An additional 500 calories per day are needed during the first _____ months of lactation.

A. 12

B. 6

C. 3

D. 9

B. 6

A baby weighing less than 5.5 lbs is classified as _____.

A. Premature

B. Normal birthweight

C. Low birthweight

D. Gestationally early

C. Low birthweight

Example of a chronic disease that may be associated with fetal under nutrition in early pregnancy

A. Hypertension

B. Diabetes

C. Heart disease

D. Anorexia

B. Diabetes

Screening for _____ occurs during the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy.

A. Sex of the baby

B. Down syndrome

C. Gestational diabetes

D. Heart defects

C. Gestational diabetes

The increased DRI for kcalories starts in the ____ trimester

Second

In addition to folate and calcium, supplemental _____ is typically needed during pregnancy.

A. Iron

B. Selenium

C. Magnesium

D. Zinc

A. Iron

Women who are _____ during pregnancy have a higher risk of having a preterm delivery.

A. Overweight

B. Underweight

C. Sedentary

D. Active

B. Underweight

Regular physical activity and achieving a healthy weight may help alleviate the pain associated with _____.

A. Rheumatoid arthritis

B. Osteoarthritis

C. Gout

D. Degenerative joint disease

Osteoarthritis

Older adults may need supplemental _____ due to decreased sun exposure and milk consumption

Vitamin D

Minimize disruptions at meal times to maximize nutritional intake in individuals with _____.

A. Dementia

B. Parkinson's

C. Alzheimer's

D. Cerebrovascular accident

C. Alzheimer's

______ can impact appetite and nutrition status in the elderly.

Depression

The anti cancer medication methotrexate interferes with the metabolism of _____.

A. Folate

B. Iron

C. Manganese

D. Sodium

A. Folate

Adequate protein intake and regular exercise lessen this process

A. Muscle atrophy

B. Muscle hypertrophy

C. Sarcopenia

D. Osteoporosis

C. Sarcopenia

Intake of ______ needs to be carefully maintained while one is on warfarin.

A. Vitamin E

B. Vitamin K

C. Vitamin D

D. Vitamin A

B. Vitamin K

Agricultural technique that could be used to reverse nutrient deficiencies such as vitamin A deficiency

Biofortification

To reduce mercury intake, limit _____ to not more than 6 oz per week

Albacore tuna

To prevent foodborne illness, refrigerate take-home foods within _____ hour(s)

2

During food preparation, separate cooked foods from raw foods to avoid

Cross contamination

Dietary intake of ____ is essential for minimizing oxidative stress and preventing cataracts

Antioxidants

One of the most important way to improve food safety

Hand washing

Deficiency of _____ can lead to a decreased sense of taste, impacting appetite also.

A. Vitamin C

B. Potassium

C. Zinc

D. Chromium

C. Zinc

Ideally folate supplements should be consumed before pregnancy begins. T/F

T

Being under - or overweight does not impact fertility in both men and women. T/F

F

Amount of alcohol safe ingest during pregnancy

None

Primary carbohydrate in breast milk or infant formula

Lactose

At 4-6 months an infant may start eating

Solid foods

Food allergies in infants are typically a reaction to a _____ molecule in the food

Protein

Available before breast milk for 2-3 days; provides antibodies

Colostrum

_____ provide about one fourth of adolescents daily energy intake.

A. Meals

B. Drinks

C. Snacks

D. Supplements

C. Snacks

Influenced by regular physical activity and good nutritional intake.

A. Biological age

B. Physiological age

C. Both A and B

C. Physiological age

Energy restriction of 10-20% may be associated with increased longevity in humans. T/F

T