APUSH Unit 1/2 Terms

Anne Hutchinson

Known forchallenging the male-dominated religious authorities in the Massachusetts Bay Colony during the 1630s

Bacon’s Rebellion

rebellion caused by colonists' anger over Governor William Berkeley's refusal to authorize violent retaliatory attacks against local Native American tribes

Bartolomé de las Casas

A 16th-century Spanish Dominican friar, historian, and social reformer who became the primary advocate for Indigenous rights

British West Indies Colonies

island and mainland territories in the Caribbean and neighboring regions that were colonized and ruled by the British Empire (Jamaica, Barbados, etc.)

Middle Colonies

New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware

New England Colonies

Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Connecticut, and New Hampshire

Southern Colonies

Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia

Columbian Exchange

Transfer of plants, animals, culture, human populations, and communicable diseases between the Americas and Afro-Eurasia

Encomienda system

Spanish labor system that granted conquistadors and colonizers control over groups of Indigenous people

House of Burgesses

The first democratically elected legislative body in British North America

Iroquois Confederacy

A powerful political and military alliance of six Native American nations

Jamestown

The first permanent English settlement in North America

John Rolfe

Cultivated a profitable tobacco cash crop that saved the Jamestown Colony and married the Native American woman Pocahontas

John Winthrop

The first governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony

Joint Stock Company

A business structure where multiple investors buy shares of stock to pool their money (funding exploration)

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda

16th-century Spanish philosopher and theologian who argued that Native Americans were culturally inferior

King Philip’s War (Metacom’s War)

An armed conflict that occurred in New England between English colonists and a coalition of Native American tribes

Mercantilism

An economic system where European countries regulated trade to maximize their own wealth and power

Navigation Acts

A series of 17th-century British laws designed to restrict colonial trade to only England and enforce mercantilism

Pope’s Rebellion (Pueblo Revolt)

A successful revolt of Indigenous people that drove Spanish colonizers out of present-day New Mexico for over a decade

Powhatan Confederacy

An alliance of about 30 Algonquian-speaking Native American tribes in eastern Virginia

Puritans

A group of 16th- and 17th-century English Protestants who wanted to reform the Church of England by removing remaining Roman Catholic traditions

Quakers

Members of a Christian movement, who believe that every person has a direct, inner connection to God (referred to as inner light)

Roger Williams

A Puritan minister banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1635 for advocating for the complete separation of church and state and fair treatment of Native American, later founded Rhode Island Colony

Salutary Neglect

An unofficial 18th-century British policy of lax enforcement of parliamentary trade laws and relaxed supervision over the American colonies

Transatlantic Trade

The network of commerce connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas from the 16th through the 19th centuries

William Berkeley

The royal governor of Virginia whose friendly policies toward Native Americans sparked Bacon's Rebellion in 1676

Stono Rebellion

The largest uprising of enslaved people in the British mainland colonies