Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands

Flashcards cover key concepts related to the anatomy, physiology, conditions, and evaluations of the thyroid and parathyroid glands.

The thyroid gland is located in the __ neck at the level of the thyroid cartilage.

anteroinferior

The two lobes of the thyroid gland are connected by the __.

isthmus

The thyroid gland straddles the __ anteriorly.

trachea

The functional anatomy of the thyroid includes the superior thyroid __ and vein.

artery

The normal size of the adult thyroid gland is __ x 20 x 13 to 18 mm.

40 to 60

The common method to calculate thyroid volume uses the formula __.

length x width x thickness x 0.52

Hypothyroidism is characterized by undersecretion of __ hormones.

thyroid

Oversecretion of thyroid hormones is termed __.

hyperthyroidism

The most common form of thyroiditis is __ thyroiditis.

Hashimoto's

The parathyroid glands are normally located on the __ surface of the thyroid gland.

posterior medial

The stimulus for parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion is a decrease in the level of blood __.

calcium

The size of normal parathyroid glands is typically less than __ mm.

4

Primary hyperparathyroidism is characterized by __, hypercalciuria, and low serum levels of phosphate.

hypercalcemia

Adenoma is the most common cause of __ hyperparathyroidism, accounting for 80% of cases.

primary

Nodular hyperplasia, multinodular goiter, and adenomatous hyperplasia describe different types of __.

goiter

The sonographic find of most hyperplastic or adenomatous nodules isoechoic compared to normal thyroid __.

tissue

Calcitonin acts to decrease the concentration of __ in the blood.

calcium

Sonography is highly sensitive in detecting metastatic lymphadenopathy in patients with __ carcinoma.

medullary

Hyperthyroidism is often associated with __, a condition characterized by increased metabolic rate and weight loss.

thyrotoxicosis