Kin 211 Motor Labs Cartes | Quizlet

What does an error score tell us?

-performance accuracy

-performance bias

-performance consistency

absolute error

how far you were from the goal

-always positive

constant error

what is your directional bias?

-measures how far away from the target and in what direction

variable error

what is your consistency?

-spread of scores about your own average

radial error

General accuracy measure for two-dimensions

what can be anticipated?

event/spatial, temporal

event/spatial anticipation

-predicting the spatial location of a stimulus

-most related to response selection

temporal anticipation

-predicting the arrival/timing of a stimulus

-related to bypassing of several processes

S-R compatibility

the degree of "naturalness" between a stimulus and its paired response

simon effect

when the spatial dimension of the stimulus is irrelevant to the task but we still see effects of spatial S-R compatibility on RT

population stereotypes

-association of S-R relationships learned through population stereotypes

bit

the amount of information required to decide between two equally likely alternatives (or reduce uncertainty by half)

Hick's Law

as the number of S-R alternatives increases, choice RT increases

Hick's Law equation

CRT = a + b (log2N)

y-intercept of Hick's Law

simple RT

slope of Hick's Law

amount of increase in RT every time log2N increases by 1 bit

memory

persistence of information that is stored for future use or processing

3 memory systems

short term sensory store, short term memory (including working memory), long term memory

4 characteristics of short term sensory store

1. rapid memory decay (brief storage)

2. accepts all stimulus information (limitless capacity)

3. information coded in the same way that it was presented (literal coding)

4. further processing only possible if recall is immediate

4 characteristics of short term memory

1. rapid decay (slower than STSS) unless rehearsed

2. receives information from STSS and LTM

3. limited capacity (7 +/- 2 chunks)

4. implicated in action planning

3 characteristics of long term memory

1. most resistant to decay

2. develops with practice or rehearsal

3. unlimited capacity

4 things that affect LTM/retention

1. degree/amount of original learning

2. motivation

3. type of task (continuous, serial, discrete)

4. retention interval (consolidation/interference)

2 types of LT memory

declarative (explicit) and procedural (implicit)

declarative memory

-information (facts/explicit knowledge) that can be consciously recalled - verbalizable

-attention demanding - linked to notion of "controlled processing"

procedural memory

- nonconscious/nonverbalization memories of a motor skill

- develops with time/practice

- nonattention demanding, linked to automaticity

psychological refractory period

- delay in processing a 2nd closely spaced stimulus

motor program

prestructured set of neural commands organized in advance and capable of producing movement without influence of feedback

-movement carried out open loop until enough time has passed to allow closed loop processes to operate

-representations of movements stored in memory

-sometimes once these commands are sent, cannot be stopped

evidence of motor programs

1. RT and movement complexity

2. inhibiting anticipatory actions

3. triphasic EMG and movement blocking

4. RT and startle effects

5. deafferentation studies (ian waterman and deafferentation work sometimes involve actual experimental studies or just clinical/case-study observations)

point of no return

50% probability of initiating movement

- when the motor program is released

logarthmic speed-accuracy trade off

Fitts Law

Fitts Law

a + b log2(2A/W)

index of difficulty

log2(2A/W)

slope of Fitts Law

rate of increase of MT as ID increases by 1

y-intercept of Fitts Law

MT when ID is 0 (basically when tapping on the spot)