quiz 11 DMIS 1105 Cardio(text) flashcard set

The Largest blood vessel in the abdomen is the

aorta

the aorta Courses from which direction to what other?

posterior (superiorly) to anterior (inferiorly)

The aorta supplies blood to which body parts?

all abdominal organs and its branches supply pelvis and lower limbs

the Aorta Begins at

T12 & ends at L4

the aorta splits where and becomes what 2 (name them)?

it splits(at L4) into the RT & LT Common Iliac Arteries

the aorta is crosssed…?

Crossed anteriorly by the splenic vein and LT renal vein

Normal diameter of the abdominal aorta is

normal diameter of the Common Iliac Arteries

less than 1.7 cm

SMA

superior mesenteric artery

Renal Arteries come off …

aorta laterally, just inferior to the SMA.

RT renal artery (RRA) passes ____ to the IVC to get to the ____ kidney?

posterior to the IVC to get to the right kidney.

LT renal vein (LRV) passes____ to the aorta/___ to the SMA to get to the _____ kidney?

anterior to the aorta/posterior to the SMA to get to the LT kidney.

where are the Gonadal arteries situated and what do the supply?

(testicular/ovarian) are situated superiorly considering the organs they supply are much more inferior.

Gonads begin to develop next to

kidneys before migrating downwards.

gonadal arteries are or are not typically seen sonographically?

ultrasounds cannot typically see these arteries sonographically.

where are Lumbar arteries positioned?

they arise posteriorly and will not be visible (see aorta man cartoon).

describe the Celiac Axis.

its the first major branch off the abdominal aorta

what does the celiac axis branch into?

It branches into the Common Hepatic Artery (CHA), Splenic Artery, and Left Gastric Artery.

is the Left Gastric Artery seen or not?

it is not typically seen.

Celiac branches are called

‘Sea Gull or Dove sign’ when imaging the transverse aorta.

what does the CHA branch into?

common hepatic artery CHA branches into the Proper Hepatic Artery (PHA) and Gastroduodenal Artery (GDA).

what does the Transverse Aorta sorta look like?

‘seagull sign’ of Celiac and Branches

the Inferior Vena Cava and Branches lie where?

Lies right of the aorta, posterior to liver. Thinner media layer than the aorta

the Inferior Vena Cava and Branches return blood from the…to the…?

Returns blood from abdomen and pelvis, lower limbs to the right atrium of the heart.

what is the Normal Diameter of the Inferior Vena Cava and Branches?

normal diameter < 2.2 cm, may expand up to 2.5 cm with Valsalva maneuver.

the Inferior Vena Cava and Branches are formed by…?

Formed by the union of common iliac veins, posterior to common iliac arteries, at the level of 5th lumbar vertebra.

the IVC runs parallel to the…?

aorta

the inferior Vena cava IVC should be on which side of the body?

the Right side of the body,

the aorta should be on which side of the body?

the Left side of the body

the IVC is described as

a thin media, almond shaped

the aorta is described as

a thicker

the IVC is more…

compressible

the Aorta is …

pulsatile. The IVC is not(but can show pulsations transmitted from aorta)

the aorta and IVC are on

Opposite direction of flow on color doppler.

*scan protocol for Ao Long Prox –

image superior to celiac trunk

*scan protocol for Ao Long Mid –

image inferior to SMA

*scan protocol for Ao Long Dist –

image just superior to bifurcation

*scan protocol for Ao Trans Prox –

image superior to celiac trunk. W & W/O measurements (width & AP)

*scan protocol for Ao Trans Mid –

image inferior to SMA. W & W/O measurements (width & AP)

*scan protocol for Ao Trans Dist –

image just superior to bifurcation. W & W/O measurements (width & AP)

Disease/Condition Name: Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Definition:

Forms when tensile strength of wall decreases. Aorta measures greater than! >3 cm

what are the different types of Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA):

Fusiform is the Most Common, football shaped dilation . Other type: Saccular: is a localized dilation forming a saclike protrusion

Clinical Indications/Risk Factors/Related Labs for Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA:

Pulsatile abd mass, abdomen pain radiating to back, abdominal bruit, hemodynamic compromise in lower legs, or may be asymptomatic.

Risk Factors for Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA):

tobacco, hypertension, vascular disease, COPD, family history. No labs, aside from decreased hematocrit if rupture.

How is Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA) Usually Diagnosed:

Sonography

Treatment Options for Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA):

Surgery If the aorta is greater than >5.5 cm, need surgery.

Prognosis for Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA):

Good if discovered prior to rupture, otherwise poor prognosis.

describe the Radiological Images of Aneurysm aka Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (AAA):

Sono Appearance: Top Left: aneurysm with thrombus, Top Right: Saccular Aneurysm, Bottom Left: Fusiform Aneurysm, Bottom Right: Fusiform Aneurysm

Disease/Condition Name: Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) Definition:

A ventricular septal defect (VSD) is an abnormal opening in the septum between the two ventricles of the heart.

which disease/condition is the most common form of cardiac defect?

*The VSD is the most common form of cardiac defect.

describe Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD) how would it present itself?

These defects can be isolated, in the presence of chromosomal abnormalities, and/or associated with other cardiac anomalies.

Clinical Indications/Risk Factors of Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)

VSD’s are the most teratogen

*Four Chamber View is the most commonly….

Most commonly acquired image of the fetal heart.

Sono Appearance

(if small may be difficult to visualize)

Opening between the ventricles is seen on which “view”?

4 chamber view.

Bidirectional flow can be seen with the help of..

with color doppler

Disease/Condition Name: Atherosclerosis. Definition:

When plaque builds up in the lumen of arteries.

where can atherosclerosis occur?

Can occur in any artery of the body, (usually at areas of disturbed flow such as bifurcations).

which areas are typically affected (disease:Atherosclerosis)?

Some areas typically affected are heart (Coronary Artery Disease), extremities (Peripheral Arterial Disease), carotid arteries (Carotid Artery Disease), and kidneys (Renal Artery Disease).

Clinical Indications/Risk Factors/Related Labs for Atherosclerosis:

S/S would relate to areas of obstruction.

Risk Factors that can cause Atherosclerosis:

Age, Family History, Smoking, Hypertension (high blood pressure), Hyperlipidemia (high cholesterol), Diabetes, and Obesity

related Labs from Atherosclerosis

If caused by high cholesterol, then that would be elevated. With severe progression of the disease, labs relating to diseased areas would be affected.

how is Atherosclerosis usually Diagnosed?:

Sonography, Arterial Doppler (segmental pressures), aortogram, and others.

Treatment Options for Atherosclerosis:

medications, surgery (stent/bypass/endarterectomy), angioplasty

Prognosis for Atherosclerosis:

Can be poor/fatal if blockages occur (heart attack, stroke, amputation, renal failure). Prognosis can be good if controllable causative factors are managed appropriately.

in Atherosclerosis if distal extremities are affected then it causes

causes tissue death