ANTH 270 What's that Skeleton?

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Last updated 6:15 PM on 5/26/26
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9 Terms

1
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<p>What genus does this specimen belong to? How do you know?</p>

What genus does this specimen belong to? How do you know?

Paranthropus!

Distinguishing Features:

  • Massive jaws

  • Megadontia

  • Molarized premolars

  • Flaring zygomatics

  • Sagittal crest

  • More robust compared to Austalopithecus

<p>Paranthropus!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Massive jaws</p></li><li><p>Megadontia</p></li><li><p>Molarized premolars</p></li><li><p>Flaring zygomatics</p></li><li><p>Sagittal crest</p></li><li><p>More robust compared to Austalopithecus</p></li></ul><p></p>
2
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<p>What genus does this specimen belong to? How do you know?</p>

What genus does this specimen belong to? How do you know?

Australopithecus (Lucy!)

Distinguishing Features:

  • Small brained

  • Prognathic face

  • Post-orbital constriction

  • More gracile

  • Receding forehead

<p>Australopithecus (Lucy!)</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Small brained</p></li><li><p>Prognathic face</p></li><li><p>Post-orbital constriction</p></li><li><p>More gracile</p></li><li><p>Receding forehead</p></li></ul><p></p>
3
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo neandertalensis!

Distinguishing Features:

  • Very large brain size

  • Big nasal aperture

  • Retromular gap

  • Occipital bun

  • No chin

  • Long, low skull

  • Mid-facial prognathism

<p>Homo neandertalensis!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Very large brain size</p></li><li><p>Big nasal aperture</p></li><li><p>Retromular gap</p></li><li><p>Occipital bun</p></li><li><p>No chin</p></li><li><p>Long, low skull</p></li><li><p>Mid-facial prognathism</p></li></ul><p></p>
4
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo habilis!

Distinguishing Features:

  • Moderate post-orbital constriction

  • Smaller face

  • Smaller teeth

  • No Sagittal crest or keel

  • Slight post orbital sulchis (?)

<p>Homo habilis!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Moderate post-orbital constriction</p></li><li><p>Smaller face</p></li><li><p>Smaller teeth</p></li><li><p>No Sagittal crest or keel</p></li><li><p class="has-focus">Slight post orbital sulchis (?)</p></li></ul><p></p>
5
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo sapiens!

Distinguishing Features:

- Mental eminence (chin)
- Parabolic dental arcade
- Lack of post-orbital constriction 
- Lack of prognathism (flat face)
- Encephalization (large brain)

<p>Homo&nbsp;sapiens!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><p>- Mental eminence (chin)<br>- Parabolic dental arcade<br>- Lack of post-orbital constriction&nbsp;<br>- Lack of prognathism (flat face)<br>- Encephalization (large brain)</p>
6
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo heidelburgensis!

(two different skulls, same species)

Distinguishing Features:

  • Dual supraorbital torus (looks like glasses)

  • Retromolar space

  • Less post orbital constriction (encephalization)

<p>Homo heidelburgensis!</p><p>(two different skulls, same species) </p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Dual supraorbital torus (looks like glasses)</p></li><li><p>Retromolar space</p></li><li><p>Less post orbital constriction (encephalization)</p></li></ul><p></p>
7
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo erectus!

Distinguishing Features:

  • Sagittal keel

  • Supraorbital torus

  • Supraorbital sulchis 

  • Nuchal torus

  • Shovel shaped incisors

<p>Homo erectus!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Sagittal keel</p></li><li><p>Supraorbital torus</p></li><li><p>Supraorbital sulchis&nbsp;</p></li><li><p>Nuchal torus</p></li><li><p>Shovel shaped incisors</p></li></ul><p></p>
8
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<p>What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?</p>

What is the genus and species of this specimen? How do you know?

Homo floresiensis!

Distinguishing Features:

  • Has all Homo traits, but smaller!

  • Receding forehead

  • No chin

<p>Homo floresiensis!</p><p></p><p>Distinguishing Features:</p><ul><li><p>Has all Homo traits, but smaller!</p></li><li><p>Receding forehead</p></li><li><p>No chin</p></li></ul><p></p>
9
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Key Terms for Identification:

Sagittal keel

Nuchal keel

Supraorbital torus

Suproaorbital sulchis

Sagittal crest

Flaring zygomatics

Megadontia

Midface prognathism

Occipital bun

Retromolar gap

Mental eminence

Sagittal keel: veryyyy subtle slightly raised ridge of bone at the top of the skull

Nuchal keel/torus: veryyyy slight protuberance at the back of the skull

Supraorbital torus: above orbital (eye) protuberance = brow ridge

Suproaorbital sulchis: above orbital (eye) depression = below brow ridge

Sagittal crest

Flaring zygomatics: prominent cheek bones

Megadontia: large teeth

Midface prognathism: middle of face protrudes somewhat

Occipital bun: creates football shaped head

Retromolar gap: space behind the third molar

Mental eminence: chin!!

<p>Sagittal keel: veryyyy subtle slightly raised ridge of bone at the top of the skull</p><p>Nuchal keel/torus: veryyyy slight protuberance at the back of the skull</p><p>Supraorbital torus: above orbital (eye) protuberance = brow ridge</p><p>Suproaorbital sulchis: above orbital (eye) depression = below brow ridge</p><p>Sagittal crest</p><p>Flaring zygomatics: prominent cheek bones</p><p>Megadontia: large teeth</p><p>Midface prognathism: middle of face protrudes somewhat</p><p>Occipital bun: creates football shaped head</p><p>Retromolar gap: space behind the third molar</p><p>Mental eminence: chin!!</p>