Chapter 18: Gastrointestinal and Urologic Emergencies

Gastrointestinal System

Does all the digesting of food

When a solid organ in injured, it does what

Bleeds A LOT, can cause shock and bleeding

Hollow Organs do what when reputured

Contents leak out and contaminate the abdoninal cavity

Is hollow organ reputres slow or fast onset?

Slow

Saliva does what

Breaks down food

Liver secretes bile that aids in what

Breaking down fats, filters toxic substances, creates glucose stores

Galbladder is what

Reserviour for bile from liver

Parts of the small intestine

Duodenum, jejunum, illeum

Peristalsis

Wave like contractions that move food through intenstines

Spleen

Reservior for blood and helps filter blood

Male Genital System mostly lies outside of the what

Abdonminal Cavity

Female reproductive system lie inside the what

Abdonmal system

Urinary System controls

Controls discharge of waste materials filtered from blood by kidneys

Ureters join each

kindey to the bladder

Parietal Periteneum

Lines walls of the abdonminal cavity

Visceral Peritoneum

Covers organ

Foreign material can irriate the peritoneum which can cause

Peritonitis

Acute Abdonminal pain is

Sudden onset abdominal pain

Ileus

muscular contractions that move waster protects through intestines STOP

Emesis

Vomiting

Divertiscultis

Food and feces gets trapped in pockets along walls of colon

Cholecystitis

Inflammation of the gallbaldder

You can sense pain in the parietal peritoneum

exactely where it feels like it hurts

Visceral peritoneum produces what kinda of pain

Referred pain - somewhere else in body

Liver is on what side of body

Right

Spleen is on what side of body

Left

Ulcer

Protective of mucus

Gastointestinal system is lined by a system of

Mucus

Ulcers

A hole forms in mucus that lines stomach - cause bleeding

Gallstones

Galbladder gets blocked

Pancreatitis

Inflamation of pancreas

Pancreatitis sysmptoms are

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention

Pancreatitis is pain in the

Upper left, and upper right quadrants

Appendicitis

Main symptom: Rebound Tenderness

Rebound Tenderness

When you push down it feels better, when you let go it hurts worse

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage

Bleeding within gastrointestinal track

Esophagitis

Lining of esophagus becomes inflamed by aci from stomach

Esophageal Varices

Sores in esophogas, very similar to esophagitis

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

Junction between esophagus and stomach tears open, you will see brigh red blood

Mallory-weiss syndome causes

Agressive vomitting

Gastroenteritis

Infection of gastrointestional system

Big symptom of gastroenteritis

Diarrhea

Hemorrhoids

Blood vessels surronding rectum get inflammed and can repture. Bright red blood during defecation

Cystitis

Bladder Inflection / UTI

Symptoms of Cystitits

Sudden urgency to pee all the time

What happans when kidneys fail

Uremia, waster spills into blood

Acute Kidney Failure

Sudden decrease in kidney function

Chronic Kidney Failure

Filters less and less blood, irreversible, progressive

Lower quadrant pain in females could be

Reproductive System pain

AAA

Abdominal aortic aneurysm - DO NOT PALPATE ABDOMN

AAA symypoms

Profusly Sweating, nausea, vomitting,

Hernia

Organ or other tissue protrudes somewhere it is not supposed to be

Strangulation

When hernia stops receiving blood supply

Kidney Dialysis Treatment

Take blood from body - filter out waste - put it back in body

GERD (Gastroespohageal Reflux Disease)

Acid reflux or heart burn

Guarding

Involuntary flexion of abdominal muscles, try to splint everything

Hematemesis

Vomiting Blood

Melena

Blood in stool