Mobility and Tissue Integrity Exam Review

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to mobility and tissue integrity, focusing on pressure injuries, osteoporosis, fractures, and related nursing management.

Pressure Injuries

Skin and/or tissue breakdown due to unrelieved pressure over an extended period, resulting in decreased blood flow (ischemia).

Staging Pressure Injuries - Stage 1

Skin intact with nonblanchable erythema; may be painful.

Staging Pressure Injuries - Stage 2

Partial thickness loss of skin with a pink/red and moist wound bed; may have blisters or shallow open ulcer.

Staging Pressure Injuries - Stage 3

Full thickness loss of skin with visible subcutaneous/adipose tissue; may have undermining or tunneling.

Staging Pressure Injuries - Stage 4

Full thickness loss of skin with fascia, muscle, tendon, ligament, or bone visible; often has undermining or tunneling.

Unstageable Pressure Injury

Full thickness loss of skin where the extent of the wound cannot be seen due to eschar or slough.

Deep Tissue Injury

Intact or nonintact skin with an area that is persistently nonblanchable deep red, maroon, or purple.

Braden Scale

A valid tool used to assess risk for pressure injuries.

Osteoporosis

Chronic metabolic bone disorder resulting in low bone density, increasing the risk for fractures.

Risk factors for Osteoporosis

Includes age greater than 50, low estrogen (postmenopausal), thin body build, and limited intake of calcium, vitamin D, and protein.

Fracture Classification - Open

A fracture where the skin is broken and bone is exposed, causing soft tissue injury.

Fracture Classification - Closed

A fracture where the skin remains intact.

Incomplete Fracture

A fracture that occurs partly across a bone shaft, but the bone remains intact.

Complete Fracture

A fracture that goes completely through the bone.

Transverse Fracture

A fracture where the line of the break extends straight across the bone shaft.

Comminuted Fracture

A fracture with more than two fragments.

Compartment Syndrome

Occurs when swelling causes increased pressure within an enclosed space (muscle compartment), compromising nerves and blood vessels.

Symptoms of Compartment Syndrome

Includes increased pressure, pain out of proportion to injury, paresthesia, pallor, paralysis, and pulselessness.

Fat Embolism Syndrome

Typically occurs with fractures of long bones; fat droplets can cause ischemia and serious complications.

Nursing Management for Fractures

Includes neurovascular assessment, pain management, and monitoring for complications.

Nursing Management for Soft Tissue Injuries (RICE)

Rest, Ice, Compress, Elevate.

Amputation Causes

50% due to peripheral vascular disease (PVD) and diabetes; trauma is the second major cause.