Exploring Medical Language Ch. 8; Female Reproductive System

graafian follicles

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each holds 1 immature ovum

uterine (fallopian) tubes

Passageway for ovum from ovary to uterus

fimbria

finger-like projection at the free end of the uterine tube

uterus

pear-shaped muscular organ in pelvic cavity;

Functions: menstruation, pregnancy, labor

endometrium

inner lining of uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of uterus

perimetrium

outer layer; covers surface of uterus

corpus (body)

large central part of iterus

fundus

rounded upper portion of uterus

cervix (Cx)

narrow lower portion of uterus

vagina

3-inch tube that connects uterus to outside of body

hymen

fold of membrane near opening of vagina

rectouterine pouch (Douglas cul-de-sac)

cavity between the posterior wall of uterus and anterior wall of rectum; closed at the inferior end

Bartholin glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina and just above the vaginal opening.

mammary glands (breasts)

mild-producing glands; 15-20 divisions (lobules)

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around breast nipple

vulva (external genitalia)

two pairs of lips (labia majora and labia minora) that surround the vagina

clitoris

highly erogenous erectile body located anterior to the urethra

perineum

pelvic floor (found in men and women)

Women: area between vaginal opening and anus

arche/o

first, beginning

cervic/o

cervix

colp/o, vagin/o

vagina

culd/o

cul-de-sac

episi/o, vulv/o

vulva

gynec/o, gyn/o

woman

hymen/o

hymen

hyster/o, metr/o, metr/i

uterus

mamm/o, mast/o

breast

men/o

menstruation

oophor/o

ovary

perine/o

perineum

salping/o

uterine (fallopian) tube

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-atresia

absence of a normal body opening;

occlusion;

closure

-salpinx

uterine (fallopian) tube

adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

breast cancer

malignant tumor of the breast

cervical cancer

malignant tumor of the cervix;

linked to HPV;

progresses from cervical dysplasia to carcinoma

endometrial cancer;

uterine cancer

malignant tumor of endometrium

endometriosis

abnormal condition of endometrial tissue growing outside of the uterus

fibrocystic breast condition (FCC)

benign cycts in one of both breasts

fibroid tumor;

myoma of the uterus;

leiomyoma

benign tumor of the uterine muscle

ovarian cancer

malignant tumor of the ovary

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

inflammation of some/ all female pelvic organs;

ascending infection can cause infertility

prolapsed uterus;

hysteroptosis

downward displacement of uterus into the vagina

toxic shock syndrome

severe illness caused by Staph. aureus & Strep. pyogenes;

usually affects menstruating women using tampons

vesicovaginal fistula

abnormal opening between the bladder and the vagina

total hysterectomy

excision of the uterus;

abdominal, vaginal, or laparoscopic

bilateral hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

excision of the uterus, ovaries, and uterine tubes

radical hysterectomy

excision of uterus, ovaries, uterine tubes, lymph nodes, upper vagina, surrounding tissue (abdominal)

laparoscopically-assisted vaginal hysterectomy

vaginal excision of the uterus with the use of the laparoscope to view the abdominopelvic cavity

radical mastectomy;

Halsted mastectomy

removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes, underlying chest wall muscle;

RARELY performed

modified radical mastectomy

removal of breast tissue, nipple, lymph nodes

simple mastectomy;

total mastectomy

removal of breast tissue and nipple

subcutaneous mastectomy;

nipple-sparing mastectomy

removal of breast tissue only;

segmental mastectomy;

quadrantectomy

removal of a quadrant (wedge) of breast tissue

lumpectomy;

partial mastectomy;

breast-conserving surgery

removal of cancerous lesion along with a margin of surrounding healthy breast tissue

anterior & posterior colporrhaphy (A&P repair)

surgical repair of a weakened vaginal wall to correct a cystocele and a rectocele;

cystocele: protrusion of bladder against anterior wall of vagina;

rectocele: protrusion of rectum against posterior wall of vagina.

conization;

cone biopsy

surgical removal of cone-shaped area of cervix;

used to treat noninvasive cervical cancer

dilation and curettage (D&C)

surgical procedure to widen the cervix and scrape away endometrium;

instrument used called a "curette";

used to diagnose, correct bleeding, and to empty uterine contents (ex. after a miscarriage)

endometrial ablation

destruction or removal of endometrium using laser, electrical, or thermal energy;

treats abnormal uterine bleeding

laparoscopy;

laparoscopic surgery

visual examination of abdominopelvic cavity;

laparoscope inserted near umbilicus (incision)

myomectomy

excision of a fibroid tumor (myoma) from uterus

sentinel lymph node biopsy

injection of blue dye and/or radioactive isotope to identify sentinel lymph node(s);

first in axillary chain, most likely to contain metastasis of breast cancer;

removed and microscopically examined

stereotactic breast biopsy

combines mammography and computer-assisted biopsy to obtain tissue from a breast lesion

tubal ligation;

tying of tubes

closure of uterine tubes for sterilization by tying (ligation)

uterine artery embolization (UAE)

treats fibroids of uterus by blocking arteries that supply blood to them.

transvaginal sonography (TVS)

obtaining images of the ovaries, uterus, cervix, uterine tubes, and nearby structures by placing a transducer in the vagina;

used to diagnose masses, monitor pregnancy, and elevate ovulation for treatment of infertility

CA-125 (cancer antigen-125 tumor marker)

blood test used to detect ovarian cancer, monitor treatment, and determine extent of disease

Pap smear;

Papanicolaou smear;

Pap test

cytological study of cervical and vaginal secretions;

used to determine presence of abnormal/ cancerous cells

contraception;

birth control (BC)

intentional prevention of conception

dyspareunia

difficult or painful intercourse

fistula

abnormal passageway between two organs/ between an internal organ and the body surface

hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

replacement of estrogen and/or progesterone;

used to treat menopause

menopause

cessation of menstruation;

48-53 years old;

can be induced early surgically or medically

premenstrual syndrome (PMS)

physical and emotional symptoms occurring about 10 days before menstruation:

nervous tension, irritability, mastalgia, edema, headache

speculum

instrument for opening a body cavity to allow visual inspection

gynecologist

physician who studies and treats diseases of women (female reproductive system)

gynecology (GYN)

study of women

gynopathic

pertaining to diseases of women

leukorrhea

white discharge from vagina

mastalgia

pain in the breast

mastoptosis

sagging breast

menarche

beginning of menstruation;

11-16 years of age

vaginal

pertaining to the vagina

vulvovaginal

pertaining to the vulva and vagina

hysterosalpingogram

radiographic image of the uterus and uterine tubes

mammogram

radiographic image of the breast

mammography;

radiographic imaging of the breast

sonohysterography (SHG)

recording the uterus by use of sound (ultrasound)

colposcope

instrument used for visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)

colposcopy

visual examination of the vagina (and cervix)

culdoscopy

visual examination of the Douglas cul-de-sac

(rectouterine pouch)

hysteroscope

instrument used for visual examination of the uterus (uterine cavity)

hysteroscopy

visual examination of the uterus

hysterectomy

excision of the uterus

hysteropexy

surgical fixation of the uterus

hysterosalpingo-oophorectomy

excision of the uterus, uterine tubes, and ovaries

mammoplasty

surgical repair of the breast