Review for Quiz, Atomic Bomb/Occupation of Japan

Chester Nimitz

U.S. Commander and Chief of Pacific Fleet; decided could not approve land invasion

Douglas MacArthur

led the American occupation of Japan

Paul Tibbets

flew plane that dropped first atomic bomb

George Marshall

U.S. Army Chief of Staff; continued to push for land invasion

Leo Szilard

wrote letter warning Roosevelt about bomb; enlisted Einstein to send it

Enrico Fermi

oversaw first sustained nuclear reaction

J Robert Oppenheimer

director of Los Alamos Laboratory; headed scientists during Manhattan project

Leslie Groves

head of Manhattan Project

What was the goal f the Manhattan Project?

to build an atomic bomb

In what country was the process of nulcear fission first discovered?

Germany

What were three reasons the Nazi's failed to build a nuclear bomb?

1.) inconsistent leadership from Hitler; 2.) expulsion of Jewish scientists (some of whom later worked on the atomic bomb in the U.S.); 2.) expulsion of Jewish scientists (some of whom later worked on the atomic bomb in the U.S.); 2.) expulsion of Jewish scientists (some of whom later worked on the atomic bomb in the U.S.)

What was Ketsu-Go?

the Japanese plan to use every man, woman and child to fight to the death to defend the homeland

What demand did the U.S. make of Japan in the Potsdam Declaration?

either give its "unconditional surrender" or face "prompt and utter destruction"

What were two goals of the American occupation of Japan?

(1) Root out militarism and fascism in Japan(2) establish a democratic/capitalist state to be an ally in Southeast Asia

What decision did the U.S. ultimately make about Emperor Hirohito?

he was paroned and kept as a sign of unity

What kind of government did the U.S. set up in Japan?

a parliamentary democracy

Was the American Occupation of Japan a success or failure?

In general, it was a success. Japan made a massive economic recovery and completely disarmed other than a small self defense force. There have been no wars with Japan and they remain an ally of the U.s.

What U.S. General oversaw the occupation of Japan?

General Douglas MacArthur

What was unique about Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution?

it banned Japan having an army/using military force

Economically, how did Japan perform in the second half of the twentieth century?

it staged an economic miracle, becoming an economic superpower

True /False:Japan immediately surrendered after the atomic bombing of Hiroshima.

False

True /False:The main argument for the use of the atomic bomb was to save lives.

True

True /False:Japan planned on using women and children in defense of their homeland.

True

True /False:Russia (the Soviet Union) entered the war with Japan before the bomb was dropped.

False

True /False:American treatment of Japan during the occupation focused more on rebuilding than punishment.

True

True /False:The emperor was tried as a war criminal after WWII.

False

True /False:The Americans wrote the Japanese constitution for them.

True

True /False:Japan remained in an economic slump for decades not showing signs of recovery from the war until the 1960s.

False