AP Bio Unit 2

Function of nucleus (3)

• stores genetic info (DNA)

• Synthesis of RNA

• Ribosome subunit assembly

Rough ER Function

site of protein synthesis

Smooth ER Function (3)

• detoxification

• calcium storage

• lipid synthesis

Golgi Complex Function

Folding and chemical modification of synthesized proteins (products of the Rough ER)

Mitochondria structure

double membrane — outer is smooth, inner is highly folded (efficient)

Lysosome function

intracellular digestion and apoptosis

3 types of vacuoles

• central

• contractile

• food

Central vacuole function

maintains turgor pressure against cell wall, acts as major storage site for water

Contractile vacuole function

regulates solute concentration and water balance inside the cell (osmoregulation) — maintains homeostasis

Food Vacuole function

fuses with lysosome to help break down macromolecules

What can flow through membrane via simple diffusion?

• small nonpolars

• CO2, O2, N2, Steroids, some water

Facilitated diffusion

• passive transport

• requires transport protein

• small molecules (water, Na+, K+, Ca+)

3 types of endocytosis

• Phagocytosis

• Pinocytosis

• Receptor-Mediated

Phagocytosis

cellular eating

Pinocytosis

cellular drinking

Exocytosis

vesicle moves close to cell membrane, binds to it and releases contents