EURO ECON LABEL LOCK

Which post‑war plan proposed deindustrializing Germany

The Morgenthau Plan

What 1946 speech promoted a United States of Europe

Churchill’s Zurich speech

What body administered Marshall Plan coordination

Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC)

What multilateral payments system replaced bilateral trade deals

European Payments Union (EPU)

What name describes supranational centralization advocates

Federalists

What name describes defenders of national sovereignty

Intergovernmentalists

What 1950 proposal integrated coal and steel

The Schuman Plan

What organization emerged from the Schuman Plan

European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)

What ECSC executive body evolved into the Commission

The High Authority

What theory explains accession pressure from exclusion

Domino theory of regional integration

Who formulated the domino theory

Richard Baldwin

What term describes 1973–86 integration stagnation

Euro‑pessimism

What 1966 deal restored unanimity

The Luxembourg Compromise

What global monetary system collapsed in the 1970s

Bretton Woods

What 1971 proposal targeted monetary union

The Werner Plan

What 1978 system stabilized exchange rates

European Monetary System (EMS)

What treaty launched the Single Market

Single European Act (SEA)

What market access arrangement is the Norway Option

European Economic Area (EEA)

What Soviet reform meant economic restructuring

Perestroika

What Soviet reform meant political openness

Glasnost

What treaty created the European Union

The Maastricht Treaty

What accession conditions are the Copenhagen Criteria

Democracy market economy and acceptance of EU law

What treaty mainly tidied Maastricht

The Amsterdam Treaty

What treaty tried and failed to fix enlargement

The Nice Treaty

What treaty replaced the Constitutional Treaty

The Lisbon Treaty

What name describes pre‑2008 stability

The Great Moderation

What permanent bailout fund was created in 2012

European Stability Mechanism (ESM)

What term defines 2008–long slump

The Great Recession

What asylum rule failed in the crisis

The Dublin asylum system

What article governs EU withdrawal

Article 50

What exit implies WTO‑only trade

Hard Brexit

What exit mirrors Norway’s arrangement

Soft Brexit

What metaphor describes integration momentum

Bicycle theory

What term names integration’s final political goal

Finalite politique

What is the legal name of the Rome Treaty today

Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU)

What policy sketched but undeveloped in Rome

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

What divide opposed EU expansion limits

Vanguard versus Doubters

What pillar structure pre‑Lisbon defined the EU

First Second and Third Pillars

What doctrine lets individuals invoke EU law

Direct effect

What principle gives EU law priority

Primacy

What case founded direct effect

Van Gend en Loos

What case confirmed primacy

Costa v ENEL

What method defines supranational lawmaking

The Community Method

What curve measures marginal import benefit

MD_H

What barrier type captures rents domestically

Domestically Captured Rent (DCR)

What barrier type captures rents abroad

Foreign Captured Rent (FCR)

What ruling created mutual recognition

Cassis de Dijon

What case confirmed equal pay’s enforceability

The Sabena case

What case confirmed suspension of national law

Factortame

What model links competition and restructuring

BE‑COMP

What duopoly assumption fixes rival output

Cournot‑Nash

What theorem protects outsiders from CUs

Kemp–Wan theorem

Which concept describes temporary growth slowdowns that do not change the long run growth rate

Transitory growth effects

What term refers to one time efficiency improvements in resource use

Allocation effects

What term describes changes in the rate of capital accumulation

Accumulation effects

What concept explains investment booms triggered by efficiency gains

Induced capital formation

What theory explains permanent growth through knowledge accumulation

Endogenous growth theory

Who pioneered endogenous growth models with innovation and imperfect competition

Grossman and Helpman

What historical period is known for exceptionally high post war growth

The Golden Age of growth

What term describes the long conflict and depression period from 1913 to 1950

The Second Thirty Years War

What adjustment explains apparent rapid post war growth

Reconstruction effect

What hypothesis argues that 1870–1970 growth was historically exceptional

Robert Gordon’s special century hypothesis

What empirical method evaluates EU growth using counterfactuals

Synthetic control method

Which authors estimated a roughly 12 percent income gain from EU membership

Campos et al

What labour market concept measures excess labour supply at prevailing wages

Unemployment

What curve represents labour demand in theory

Marginal Product of Labour (MPL) curve

What model explains persistent unemployment via insider resistance

The insider–outsider model

What labour market model combines generous benefits with strict job obligations

The Scandinavian model

What practice undermines labour statistics through unreported work

Black market employment

What EU concept allows workers to move freely across Member States

Free movement of workers

What transitional rule limited migration after eastern enlargement

The seven year transition rule

What economic concept explains gains from migration to natives

Immigration surplus

What effect describes firms replacing native workers with immigrants

Displacement effect

What EU agricultural policy supports farm incomes

Common Agricultural Policy (CAP)

What policy instrument guarantees a minimum agricultural price

Price floor

What CAP mechanism absorbed surplus output

Intervention buying

What CAP trade instrument adjusted tariffs to defend price floors

Variable levies

What phenomenon described excess CAP food stocks

Butter, beef, and wheat mountains

What CAP tool subsidized exports at world prices

Export restitutions

What reform approach lowers support prices and relies on markets

Adam Smith solution

What CAP reform replaced price support with income transfers

Decoupled direct payments

What CAP rule links payments to environmental standards

Cross compliance

What structure defines modern CAP organization

Two pillar structure

What framework links geography and firm clustering

New Economic Geography

What index measures deviation from the EU average industrial structure

Krugman specialization index

What theory links factor endowments to specialization patterns

Heckscher Ohlin theory

What agglomeration mechanism reflects market size attraction

Demand (backward) linkage

What agglomeration mechanism reflects supplier proximity benefits

Cost (forward) linkage

What dispersion force reflects competition avoidance

Local competition force

What EU policy targets poorer regions through transfers

EU cohesion policy

What competition concept involves price fixing among rivals

Cartel

What competition concept refers to abuse by a dominant firm

Abuse of dominance

What diagram evaluates merger power versus efficiency

Williamson diagram

What EU trade instrument combats unfair pricing

Anti dumping duties

What macroeconomic relationship links goods market equilibrium

IS curve

What curve captures systematic central bank responses

MP curve

What principle links asset returns across countries

Interest Rate Parity

What macro constraint prevents three policies simultaneously

Impossible trinity

What parity condition links inflation differentials and exchange rates

Purchasing Power Parity (PPP)

What effect explains real appreciation from productivity growth

Balassa Samuelson effect