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Net Ratio Metrics
NET of reinsurance
Denominator = Prem Revenue (after reins recoveries)
= Total Insurance Revenue + Allocation of Reins Prem paid
Net Expense Ratio
Operating Expenses (after Reins) =
Amortization of Insurance Acq CFs
- Amortization of Reinsurance Acq CFs
+ General Operating Expenses

Net Claims Ratio (Partially Discounted)
Net Claims Paid =
Incurred Claims
+ Adj to LIC
+ Losses on Onerous Contracts
- Incurred Claims Recovered
- Recovery of Loss
- Adj to AIC
- Effect of Chg in Non-Performance Risk of Reinsurers

Net Combined Ratio (Partially Discounted)
Insurance Service Expense
+ General Operating Expense
- Recoverable from Reinsurers
- Effect of Chg in Non-Performance Risk of Reinsurers

Net Combined Ratio (Fully Discounted)
Numerator =
Insurance Service Expense
+ General Operating Expense
- Recoverable from Reinsurers
- Effect of Chg in Non-Performance Risk of Reinsurers
- Net Finance Income from Insurance
- Net Finance Income from Reinsurance
Gross Ratio Metrics
GROSS (before) reinsurance
Denominator = Gross Prem Revenue = Total Insurance Revenue
Gross Expense Ratio
Numerator =
Amortization of Insurance Acq CF
+ General Operating Expenses

Gross Claims Ratio (Partially Discounted)
Gross Claims Incurred =
Incurred Claims
+ Adj for LIC
+ Losses on Onerous Contracts

Gross Combined Ratio (Partially Discounted)
Numerator = Insurance Service Expense + General Operating Expense

Gross Combined Ratio (Fully Discounted)
Numerator = Insurance Service Expense + General Operating Expense
- Net Finance Income from Insurance
Gross Insurance Service Ratio
= Insurance Service Expenses / Total Insurance Revenue
Net Insurance Service Ratio
= (Insurance Service Expense + Net Expense from Reins Held) / (Total Ins Rev + Allocation for Reins Prem)
Reinsurance Impact Ratio
= Net Expense from Reins Held / Total Insurance Revenue
Measures net cost of reins
Negative → reins contributing positively to overall results
Reinsurance Service Ratio
= Recoverable from reinsurers for Incurred Claims / Allocation for reins prem
Investment Yield
Annualization Factor → standardize into full year
Ex: Q1 → x4
Q3 → x 4/3

Return on Equity (ROE)
ROE = Net Income / Equity