THEORY W 1-4

Art means ___, creativity, interpretive, care without judgment, critical thinking, communicative

intuitiveness

What are the characteristics of a profession?

defined specialized knowledge

more characteristics of a profession include the control and authority over education and training, credentialing system to determine competency, and code of ___

ethics

more include formal training, autonomy, and ___ service

altruistic

___ knowing is factual, evidence-based knowledge.

empirical

___ knowing involves self-awareness and understanding the patient as a unique person, including recognizing one’s own biases, emotions, and reactions in order to form genuine, trusting relationships

personal

___ knowing is the nurse’s ability to sense that something is wrong or changing even before clear objective signs appear, developed through experience and pattern recognition rather than guesswork

intuitive

Somatic knowing is knowledge that comes through the ___, including physical awareness, skilled touch, and bodily sensations that may signal something about a patient’s emotional or physical state

body

___ relates to meaning, hope, faith, and what gives a person strength or peace, whether through religion, personal beliefs, or a sense of purpose, and it recognizes that these elements play an important role in healing

spiritual knowing

___ knowing is the art of nursing—the ability to respond creatively, compassionately, and sensitively in each unique moment, such as knowing when to speak, when to listen, or how to provide comfort in a way that truly meets the patient’s needs

esthetic

___ knowing refers to ethical understanding and the nurse’s sense of what is right, guiding actions such as advocating for patients, respecting their dignity and autonomy, and making decisions based on justice and professional values

moral

what makes nursing an academic discipline?

it uses established scientific inquiry methods, creates its own frameworks and generates evidence to inform patient-centered care

What three attributes define nursing as a distinct discipline?

philosophy, a conceptual framework that defines nursing, an acceptable methodology to develop knowledge

nursing is NOT focused on defined ___

tasks and procedures

Philosophy includes ___ and beliefs, not everybody has same philosophy

values

Science includes ___, evidence based, measured and researched concepts

peer reviewed

Nursing science translates evidence to ___, best practice, delivery models, and applies theories

practical care

A description of ___ is science

cause-and-effect relationships

A ___ of relationships between concepts is science

statement

Systematic ___ is a science

inquiry

Concerned with ___, truth, nature of existence morality is philosophy

knowledge

A ___ and a process → Science

product

Observes, verifies and tests ___ is a science

hypotheses

Introspection, intuition, and reasoning methodologies is ___

philosophy

Empiricism is the ___, receiving knowledge, reductionistic, verifiable, objective, bias free, measurement, reliable and valid, Positivism, deductive reasoning, one truth

received view

___ describes an approach that explains complex systems or ideas by breaking them down into simpler, fundamental parts

reductionistic

___ is a philosophy asserting that genuine knowledge comes only from empirical, observable, and measurable data

positivism

___ reasoning is a logical approach where you progress from general ideas to specific conclusions

deductive

___ is a perceived view, inductive reasoning, what is experienced, multiple truths, holism, context, descriptions of understandings, subjective realities

Constructivism

___ means “this is what I see”

Perceiving

___ is a "bottom-up" logical process where you observe specific instances, identify patterns, and then form a general conclusion or theory

Inductive reasoning

Poststructuralism, postmodernism, postcolonialism includes ___, macro analysis, reality in context to history, uncovering opposing views

multiple methodologies

Nursing is a ___ with the following attributes: a. Defined specialized knowledge b. Control and authority over education and training c. Credentialing system to determine competency d. Altruistic service e. Code of ethics f. Formal training at higher education institution g. Socialization to the profession h. Autonomy over professional activities

profession

Philosophical schools of thought that ___ nursing practice include: c. Empiricism (positivism – received view) d. Constructivism (naturalism – perceived view) e. Postmodernism (multiple methodologies)

inform

What do the characteristics of any profession include? Check all that apply.

Please select all that apply and then click the "Check Your Answer" button.

1. Defined specialized knowledge

2. Control and authority over education and training

3. Credentialing system to determine competency

4. Altruistic service

5. Code of ethics

6. Formal training at higher-education institution

7. Socialization to the profession

8. Autonomy over professional activities

all of the above

Defined specialized knowledge

Pathophysiology of type I diabetes, fall risks, vital signs, mental health assessment

Control and authority over education and training

Grading nursing exam, nursing curriculum development, cardiopulmonary respirations resuscitation, admission standards to nursing education programs

Credentialing system to determine competency

RN registration, RPN registration, Canadian Nurses Association Specialty Certification, RN Extended Class

Altruistic service

Patient care, community health, work with an NGO (nongovernment organization), breastfeeding education

Code of ethics

"Do no harm", Privacy and confidentiality, Autonomy, honesty

Formal training at higher education institution

Daphne Cockwell School of Nursing, RPN Diploma Program: Community College, Bridging Program Community College, PhD Nursing Program at University of Toronto

Socialization to the profession

Leadership, advocacy, interprofessionalism, collaboration

Autonomy over professional activities

Geriatric Nursing Standards of Practice, RNAO Best Practice Guidelines, entry to practice competencies, accreditation standards

Empirical

Observation, testing, replication, objective, science

Personal

Previous (a priori) knowledge, knowledge from thought, past-life experiences, personal perspectives

Intuitive

Hunches and feelings, pattern recognition, experience at an nonconscious level

Somatic

Sensory perceptions

Spiritual

Miracles, extrasensory perception

Esthetics

Creative expression, art

Moral/ethical

Right and wrong, values norms

what is intuition

ability to understand or recognize without the use of conscious reasoning

intuition ___ logical thinking and can be informed by expert knowledge and learning patterns, guiding decisions, and actions in various situations

complements

Refers to process of breaking down complex information into components and understanding how they are interconnected

analytical thought

Identifying ___ in data to predict future trends is an example of analytical thought

patterns

What does iterative mean?

Allows you to move from a vague idea to realization

“Iterating” builds a ___ version, validates it, then slowly builds up quality

vague

___ is the process of deriving general principles or conclusions based on specific observations or examples

Inductive reasoning

Moving from specific instances or observations to broader __ is inductive reasoning

generalizations

Collecting ___, patterns, or trends from specific cases and using them to make probabilistic or plausible conclusions about a larger set of cases or the entire population is inductive

evidence

Deductive reasoning is a ___ process that involves drawing specific conclusions based on general principles or premises

logical

___ with the theory rather than ending with it in deductive

starting

___ approach to where specific conclusions are derived from general principles (deductive)

top-down

deductive follows a ___ in which if the premises are true and the reasoning is valid, the conclusion must also be true

structured format

Use your own observation to ___ in inductive reasoning in inductive reasoning

develop your own theory

Start with ___ → conclude with theory (inductive)

observations

what kind of data is inductive closely associated with

Qualitative data

Use a theory and make ___ in deductive

conclusions

Start with a theory → conclude with observations (to ___ or deny theory)

confirm

a ___ is an example of an theory, a framework, whereas theory provide more detail

model

what are the 9 entry to practice competencies for RNs

advocate, coordinator, communicator, collaborative, professional, educator, leader, scholar, clinician

The ___ is a framework used in nursing education and practice to assess and guide clinical judgment, the process by which nurses make decisions about patient care

Clinical Judgment Measurement Model (CJMM)

The CJMM often aligns with models like Tanner’s Clinical Judgment Model, which has four key steps

noticing, interpreting, responding, reflecting

Layer 3 is the ___

nursing process

the following are the clinical judgement measurement model skills, which starts with recognizing cues. what does this mean

identifying relevant data in a clinical situation that require nurse’s attention

Analyze Cues: ___ and linking the recognized cues to the clinical situation

organizing

Prioritize hypotheses includes ___ and ranking hypotheses according to priority

evaluating

Generate solutions includes identifying ___ and using hypotheses to determine interventions to meet the expected outcome

expected outcomes

Take action: ___ the interventions that address the highest priorities

implement

Environment, Client observations, Resources, Medical records, Consequences and risks, Time pressure, Task complexity, and Cultural considerations are all examples of ___ factors

environmental

The base layer focuses on what the nurse knows and what they notice in the patient

layer 1

This layer is about thinking critically about the information collected

layer 2

The layer where the nurse takes action based on their interpretation

layer 3

The top layer focuses on learning from the situation and improving future practice

layer 4

there are 5 levels of expertise according to benner

novice, beginner, competent, proficient, expert

The ___ emphasizes:

• Respecting the whole person, not just the illness

• Considering psychosocial, emotional, and spiritual needs

• Promoting self-determination, dignity, and collaboration

initiative humanistic model

Dual Process Reasoning Theory is a framework used in clinical decision-making (and other areas of thinking) that explains how humans make ___ using two different cognitive processes

judgments

The first, often called System 1, is ___ and automatic, relying on patterns, cues, and past experience to make quick decisions, which is particularly useful in routine or emergency situations

intuitive

The second, System 2, is ___ and deliberate, relying on conscious reasoning, logic, and systematic analysis, which is important in complex or unfamiliar situations where careful judgment is required

analytical

In practice, experienced nurses often ___ between intuitive and analytical reasoning, using intuition to recognize common patterns quickly while applying analytical thinking to verify details and reduce errors

switch

The ___ is a cognitive framework that explains how people take in, process, store, and use information—and in nursing, it helps us understand how nurses think, make decisions, and act in clinical situations

Information Processing Model (IPM)

The Information Processing Model explains how the brain receives, ___, and stores information, which is essential in nursing practice for making clinical decisions

processes

It begins with ___, such as patient symptoms, vital signs, or environmental cues

incoming information

This information first enters ___, where it is briefly registered but may be quickly forgotten if not attended to

sensory memory

Relevant data then moves into ___, where it is actively processed and analyzed; nurses use this stage to interpret patterns, prioritize problems, and plan interventions

working memory

___ interacts with working memory by providing stored knowledge and past experiences that help make sense of the current situation, guiding decision-making and judgment

Long-term memory

Feedback from actions and reflection further ___ long-term memory, allowing nurses to recognize patterns more efficiently in the future

strengthens

Overall, this model highlights the stepwise process by which nurses gather, process, apply, and ___ information to deliver safe and effective patient care

retain

patient comes in with crackles and wheezing

nurse determines there is respiratory compromise

this is ___ because there is data to support this conclusion

deductive

a nurse is looking at approaches to redirect confused pts

she recognizes patterns of behavior that are like other patients

she tries it out and seeks feedback from colleagues

this is ___ and ___

Inductive and intuitive

inductive reasoning usually goes well with ___ thinking

intuitive