Lecture 22 - Swine Viruses

Swine diseases are categorized by ______, ______, ______, ______, ______, and ______ systems.

Respiratory, multisystemic, reproductive, gastrointestinal, vesicular, generalized/reportable

Influenza A virus belongs to the family ______ and has a ______ RNA genome.

Orthomyxoviridae; segmented negative-sense ssRNA

Swine influenza is characterized by ______ morbidity and ______ mortality.

high; low

Swine influenza transmission occurs via ______, ______, and ______.

aerosol/droplets; direct contact; fomites

Swine influenza does NOT cause ______.

viremia

Swine influenza shedding begins ______ days post-infection and lasts up to ______ days.

1-2; 10

Common subtypes of swine influenza include ______, ______, and ______.

H1N1; H1N2; H3N2

A major disease complex that includes influenza and other pathogens is called ______.

PRDC (Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex)

PRRS virus belongs to the family ______ and has a ______ RNA genome.

Arteriviridae; positive-sense ssRNA

PRRS is considered the ______ economically significant disease in swine.

most

PRRS virus causes ______ (presence/absence) of viremia.

presence

PRRS primarily replicates in ______ tissues.

lymphoid

PRRS can cross the placenta after ______ days of gestation.

72

PRRS transmission includes ______, ______, ______, and ______ routes.

direct contact; vertical; parenteral; fomites

A hallmark clinical sign of PRRS is cyanosis of the ears, called ______.

"blue ears"

PRRS reproductive signs include ______, ______, and ______.

late-term abortions; stillbirths; mummified fetuses

Porcine circovirus (PCV) is a ______ virus with a ______ genome.

non-enveloped; ssDNA

PCV is highly resistant to ______ and ______.

heat; disinfectants

PCV is associated with ______ disease complexes (PCVAD).

multisystemic

PMWS stands for ______.

Porcine Multisystemic Wasting Syndrome

PMWS is characterized by ______, ______, and ______.

weight loss; dyspnea; lymphadenopathy

PDNS is caused by deposition of ______ in vessels and glomeruli.

immune complexes

PDNS commonly causes lesions on the ______ and ______.

hind legs; perineum

Porcine parvovirus belongs to the family ______ and has a ______ genome.

Parvoviridae; ssDNA

Porcine parvovirus targets cells with high ______ activity.

mitotic/replicative

Porcine parvovirus causes ______ (presence/absence) of clinical signs in adult pigs.

absence (usually subclinical)

The acronym SMEDI stands for ______, ______, ______, and ______.

Stillbirth; Mummification; Embryonic death; Infertility

Abortions are ______ (common/not common) with porcine parvovirus.

not common

Enteric coronaviruses are ______ RNA viruses.

positive-sense ssRNA

The four major enteric coronaviruses are ______, ______, ______, and ______.

TGEV; PEDV; SADS-CoV; PDCoV

Cross-protection between enteric coronaviruses ______ (occurs/does not occur).

does not occur

Enteric coronaviruses replicate in the ______ of the intestine.

small intestinal villi

Piglets less than ______ weeks old have the highest mortality from enteric coronaviruses.

2

Clinical signs of enteric coronaviruses include ______, ______, and ______.

vomiting; diarrhea; dehydration

Pseudorabies virus belongs to the family ______ and has a ______ genome.

Herpesviridae; dsDNA

Pseudorabies is ______ (reportable/not reportable).

reportable

Pseudorabies causes severe ______ signs in neonatal piglets.

CNS

Pseudorabies mortality in piglets <7 days old is approximately ______%.

90

In adult pigs, pseudorabies typically causes ______ mortality.

low

Classical swine fever (CSF) is caused by a ______ virus with a ______ genome.

Flavivirus; negative-sense ssRNA

African swine fever (ASF) is caused by a ______ virus with a ______ genome.

Asfarvirus; dsDNA

CSF and ASF are clinically ______.

indistinguishable

A hallmark lesion of swine fevers is ______.

generalized hemorrhages

ASF has ______ (presence/absence) of an available vaccine.

absence

Vesicular diseases are clinically indistinguishable from ______.

FMD (Foot-and-Mouth Disease)

All vesicular diseases are reportable EXCEPT ______.

Senecavirus A (SVA)

Foot-and-mouth disease virus belongs to the family ______ and has a ______ genome.

Picornaviridae; positive-sense ssRNA

FMD affects ______-hoofed animals.

cloven

Swine act as an ______ host for FMD.

amplifier

FMD lesions include vesicles on the ______, ______, and ______.

snout; mouth; feet

A classic cardiac lesion in neonatal pigs with FMD is called ______.

"tiger heart"

The most important action when encountering a reportable swine disease is to contact the ______ immediately.

state veterinarian

A key management strategy for many swine diseases is ______.

all-in/all-out

Vaccination is most effective when the vaccine strain is ______ to circulating strains.

antigenically similar

A key difference between influenza and PRRS is that influenza causes ______ (viremia/no viremia), while PRRS causes ______.

no viremia; viremia

PRRS, PCV, and influenza commonly interact in ______.

PRDC

Enteric coronavirus pathology is characterized by ______ atrophy.

villus

Porcine parvovirus infection leads to fetuses of ______ sizes due to infection timing.

different