bio - Exam Review

This set of flashcards covers key vocabulary and concepts related to Computed Tomography, Mammography, Imaging Personnel Dose, and Radioisotopes as outlined in the exam review notes.

Computed Tomography (CT)

higher radiation exposure than traditional radiography.

In routine head and body computed tomography exams the effective doses fall in the range of ___

1 to 10 mSv

Tube current modulation

Equivalent to automatic exposure control (AEC)

Interslice scatter

Radiation scattering from one slice into adjacent slices in CT imaging.

Compression in mammography

Technique used to improve image clarity and reduce patient exposure by spreading out fibroglandular tissue.

Use factor

Represents the portion of beam-on time that the X-ray beam is directed at a primary barrier during the week.

Radioactive contamination

Radioactive material attached to dust particles or in liquid form found on surfaces.

Half-life of Technetium-99m

6 hours; a common radioisotope used in nuclear medicine.

Thyroid shield

Protective barrier worn to protect sensitive thyroid tissue during fluoroscopy or special X-ray procedures.

Gamma rays vs X-rays

Gamma rays are produced during radioactive decay within the nucleus, while X-rays are produced from the electron cloud.

A miscentering of ___ cm can produce as much as a ___% increase in patient dose

2 , 25

CT does not generally use direct patient _____

shielding

CT uses _____ and ____ interactions that contribute to the image

photoelectric and compton

tube current modulation helps reduce patient dose by

adjusting kVp and mAs based on scout images.

CT imaging planes: Perpendicular to the long axis of the body divides top to bottom)

axial plane

Parallel to the long axis of the body (divides left to right)

sagittal plane

Parallel to the long axisof the body (divides anterior to posterior)

coronal plane

CT entrance exposure is comparable to the entrance exposure received during

routine fluoroscopy

Collimation in CT is determined by

number of detector rows selected

the number of data channels being used in the z-axis direction and the effective detector thickness of each data channel is known as

detector configuration

Spiral imaging is made possible with the use of

spiral rings

The movement of the table or couch is referred to as

table increment

The ratio of the movement (advancement) of the couch
and the x-ray beam collimator dimension is referred to as

pitch

Cardiac imaging often requires multiple follow ups, in
order to keep the patient’s dose ALARA exams should always be made in the same

cardiac phase

Digital mammo units with the ability to enhance contrast with image gray-
level manipulation offer substantial improvement for patients with

dense breasts

Digital tomosynthesis is a procedures that can

lower the percentage of false positive readings caused by dense breasts and be a more effective screening for younger women

Digital Breast Tomography uses the same _____ and _____ as CT

algorithms and positioning

Production of scatter can be reduced via technical factor adjustment by

decreasing kvP and increasing Ma

The maximum weekly permitted equivalent dose for a controlled area must not exceed

1msv

The tube housing, collimator and high-tension cables should NEVER be touched while ____ is in progress

exposure

In c-arm devices with similar fields of view, the dose rate to personnel located within ___the patient is comparable to the dose rate of routine fluoroscopy.

1 meter

the recommendation to ensure the lifetime risk of an occupationally exposed person remains in an acceptable range is that the lifetime dose in msv should not exceed ___ times the occupational exposed persons ___

10, age

Cancers that are confined within the prostate gland are typically treated with

titanium-encapsulated seeds of Iodine-125

At the end of any radionuclide procedure any residual isotope must be

returned to its shielded container

PET-CT rooms require more shielding to be built into the room because

the
patient remains radioactive longer

When looking at the thyroid gland _____. ____ can be administered to the pt to block further uptake of radioactive iodine

potassium iodide

in beta decay a ____ transforms itself into a combination of ______ and and ____ ____

neutron, proton, energetic electron

To figure out how many protons and neutrons an isotope has when given in the form of 125Te52

subtract bottom # (the proton) from the top # (the proton and neutrons)