Chap 26 - Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid-Base Balance

which fluid compartment contains 16% of the body weight

interstitial fluid

what is the main intracellular electrolyte?

potassium

Which of the following statements is NOT true about electrolytes

they form mainly covalent bonds

what does a decrease in the osmolarity of the extracellular fluid cause water to do?

move into the cells

which part of the brain plays a major role in water and electrolyte balance

hypothalamus

which solute plays the biggest role in water reabsorption

sodium ions

the ‘electrolyte balance’ usually refers to the balance of what

salts

aldosterone targets which part of the nephron

the distal convoluted

ANP promotes what?

sodium excretion

what is the normal arterial pH

7.4

hydrogen ions are secreted into the filtrate mainly by the what

proximal convoluted tubule

what are the two main fluid compartments within the body

intracellular fluid and extracellular fluid

the most abundant cation of the ECF is ____ and the most abundant anion in the ECF is ___

Na+, Cl-

what accounts for the most water loss, second only to urine output

insensible perspiration

what does an increase in the ECF solute content cause

water to move out of the cell

what is the most potent stimulus for thirst

an increase in plasma osmolarity

when ADH levels are low, what type of urine do kidneys produce

dilute

what is the best way to describe the sodium content of fluids and water movement

water follows salt

when would you expect levels of ANP to increase

all of the above

what is the initial H+ regulatory mechanism in the body

chemical buffers

if blood pH lowers, what changed would you expect from the respiratory system

the respiration rate would increase