Child Development Ch 11 Study Guide

What does the term "attachment" refer to?

Close, enduring emotional bonds children develop to primary caregivers

Baby Everett often leaves his mother's side to go explore toys in a playroom but occasionally looks back at his mom or brings her toys. When his mom leaves the room, he is upset, but when she returns, he is comforted by her and glad to see her. What kind of attachment does baby Everett have?

Secure attachment

Which theorist disagreed with Freud's concept of a "needy, dependent infant motivated by drive reduction" and proposed a "competence-motivated infant" who uses his or her primary caregiver as a secure base?

John Bowlby

The rhesus monkeys who Harlow had raised from birth to be isolated from other monkeys show what characteristics?

More social disturbances than those who were not separated

Harlow's study of the attachment relationships of rhesus monkeys challenged traditional psychoanalytic and behaviorist views. What did Harlow show?

Comfort and security (contact comfort), not just food, are crucial for attachment in infants

What things are and aren't designed to be a part of the Strange Situation?

Designed: Separation, reunion, stranger interaction, exploring with caregiver.

Not designed: Long separations, parental distress, multiple caregivers.

Baby Anita is playing comfortably in a room with her mother when her mother suddenly gets up and leaves the room. Anita hardly seems to notice, and continues playing. When Anita's mother comes back, Anita acknowledges her mother's presence and then goes back to what she was doing. How would Anita's attachment to her mother be categorized?

Insecure-avoidant attachment

What is it called when someone chooses an identity and sticks with it without having explored any possibilities about who they wanted to be?

Identity foreclosure

Krissy and Sharon are asked to describe themselves. Krissy focuses on her physical attributes. Sharon gives her answer in terms of the things that make her distinct from others, including the kind of things she's better at doing than most people. What could we guess about Krissy and Sharon's relative ages?

Krissy - Likely younger (focuses on physical attributes).

Sharon - Likely older (focuses on individuality and abilities).

What was discussed in class as the best evidence that parental sensitivity might actually CAUSE secure attachment in children?

Responsive caregiving