English Vocabulary and Structures for THPT & DGNL 2026 by Teacher Vũ Thị Mai Phương

Comprehensive vocabulary, C1-C2 level advanced terms, collocations, phrasal verbs, and English structures based on the 2026 exam preparation materials by Teacher Vũ Thị Mai Phương.

Adulthood

The stage of life when one is a fully grown adult; maturity.

Advanced

Modern and well developed; sophisticated or cutting-edge.

Ambitious

Having a strong desire for success or achievement; aspiring.

Anxious

Feeling worried or nervous about something that may happen.

Assistance

The action of helping someone; support.

Attempt

An effort to achieve or complete a difficult task.

Blur

To make something difficult to see or remember; to obscure.

Bypass

To avoid something or go around it.

Cautious

Being careful to avoid potential problems or dangers; wary.

Commitment

A promise or firm decision to do something; dedication.

Competence

The ability to do something successfully or efficiently; capability.

Compulsive

Resulting from an irresistible urge; difficult to stop or control.

Consistency

The quality of staying the same or acting in the same way; steadfastness.

Demanding

Requiring a lot of time, effort, or attention; challenging or taxing.

Desperate

Feeling or showing a hopeless sense that a situation is so bad as to be impossible to deal with.

Emergence

The process of becoming visible or known; appearance or rise.

Enhance

To improve the quality, amount, or strength of something; to boost.

Essential

Absolutely necessary or extremely important; vital or crucial.

Ethically

In a way that relates to moral principles; morally.

Evolve

To develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more complex form.

Exploit

To make use of a situation or person in a way that is considered unfair; to take advantage of.

Firm

Strong and unlikely to change; resolute or determined.

Frustrated

Feeling annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want; bực bội.

Generate

To produce or create something, such as energy or ideas.

Genuine

Actual and real; sincere or authentic.

Hands-on

Involving direct involvement or practical use rather than theory.

Ignorance

Lack of knowledge, understanding, or information.

Implement

To start using a plan or system; to carry out.

Impose

To officially force a rule, tax, or punishment to be obeyed; to force.

Infrastructure

The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society.

Innovation

A new idea, device, or method; creativity or novelty.

Innovative

Using new methods or ideas; novel or creative.

Mindful

Being aware of or attentive to something; conscious.

Noticeable

Easy to see or recognize; evident or obvious.

Plagiarism

The practice of taking someone else's work or ideas and passing them off as one's own.

Practical

Relating to experience, real situations, or actions rather than ideas or imagination.

Promote

To encourage the growth or development of something; to foster.

Prompt

A sign or some words given to help a person remember what to say; a cue or hint.

Reliance

The state of needing someone or something in order to survive or be successful; dependence.

Resilience

The ability to be happy or successful again after something difficult or bad has happened.

Scam

An illegal plan for making money, especially one that involves tricking people.

Sustainability

The quality of being able to continue over a period of time; sự bền vững.

Trillion

A number equal to one thousand billion ($1,000,000,000,000$).

Unprecedented

Never having happened or existed in the past; unparalleled.

Vulnerable

Able to be easily physically, emotionally, or mentally hurt, influenced, or attacked; susceptible.

Wisely

In a way that shows good judgment; prudently or judiciously.

Durable

Able to last a long time without becoming damaged; long-lasting.

Enact

To make a law, or to make a plan into a law; ban hành.

Escalation

An increase in the intensity or seriousness of something; intensification.

Fragile

Easily broken or damaged; delicate or vulnerable.

Instability

A state in which something is likely to change or fail suddenly; sự bất ổn.

Maritime

Connected with human activity at sea.

Perpetuate

To make something such as a bad situation or a belief continue for a long time; to sustain.

Pledge

A serious or formal promise, especially one to give money or be a friend.

Repurpose

To find a new use for something.

Synthetic

Made of artificial substances rather than being natural; man-made.

Transparency

The characteristic of being easy to see through; clarity.

Aggression

Spoken or physical behavior that is threatening or involves harm to someone or something; hostility.

Exacerbate

To make something that is already bad even worse; to aggravate.

Internalise

To accept or absorb an idea, opinion, or belief so that it becomes part of your character.

Accountability

The fact of being responsible for what you do and able to give a satisfactory reason for it.

Cognitive

Connected with thinking or conscious mental processes; mental.

Dwindling

Becoming smaller in size or amount, or fewer in number; decreasing.

Intermittency

The quality of being not happening regularly or continuously; tính gián đoạn.

Absorbed in

To be very interested in something and not notice other things happening.

Figure out

To finally understand something or find the solution to a problem after thinking about it.

Take a gap year

To take a year off from study or work, usually between high school and university.

Account for

To form a particular amount or part of something; to explain the reason for something.

With a view to doing

Doing something with the aim or intention of achieving a specific goal.

Stay on track

To continue to do something according to a plan or schedule without being distracted.

Catch up on

To do something that you did not have time to do earlier; to learn the latest news.

Make up for

To take the place of something lost or damaged or to provide something good in order to make a bad situation better.

Take something in

To understand or remember something that you hear or read; to absorb a substance.

Take a break

To stop doing something for a short period of time to rest.

Do research

To study a subject in detail, especially in order to discover new information.

Under pressure

In a state of stress or hardship due to external demands or expectations.

Break down barriers

To improve understanding between groups of people who have different ideas or backgrounds.

Come down with

To start to suffer from an illness, especially one that is not serious.

Carry out

To perform or complete a task, such as a study, project, or investigation.