ENGL2110 Final Exam Review

Apostrophe

A figure of thought that involves addressing an absent person, force or quality.

Blank Verse

A verse form with unrhymed iambic pentameter lines, broken up into uneven units that are determined by sense rather than form.

Blazon

One of the methods of the Petrachan sonnets that captures elements of a bevoled's physical feature. Singled out for hyperbolic admiration.

Chiasmus

A figure of speech that involves the inversion of an already established sequence. Means “crosswise".

Didactic Mode

A genre that is designed to instruct or teach a moral lesson, sometimes explicity and sometimes through fiction.

Ekphrasis

A type of topos that represents visual art in a piece of literary work. Means “speaking out" in Greek.

Georgic

A type of gere that treats the countryside as a place of productive labour.

Pastoral

A type of genre that treats the countryside as a place of recreational idleness among shepherds.

Iamb

A term of rhythm that follows two syallbles in pattern of unstressed -→ stressed, producing a rising effect.

Mimesis

A function of literature that involves imitation of reality of the world beyond the literary work. Represents and imitates what it reflects on reality.

Metonymy

A figure of thought that denotes another concept or other concepts by association. Related to another term.

Ode

A type pf genre that is elevated or high styled, addressing to a natural force person or quality. Means “song" in Greek.

Pentameter

A term of meter that refers to a five-stressed line. Employs an iambic rhythm and is considered the basic line of English verse.

Personification

A figure of thought that involves attributing human qualities to inanimate objects or forces.

Quatrain

A verse form that is a stanza of four lines, usually in rhythm “abcb / abab or abba".

Rhetoric

The art of persuasion. Utilizes three different kinds of persuasion, based on philosophical, criminal and demonstrative aspects. Influnced the theory of poetics as a branch of verbal practice, specificially in style.

Judical Rhetoric

A type of rhetoric that focuses on facts and logic. Used in law courts.

Deliberative Rhetoric

A type of rhetoric that focuses on influencing future actions and weighs out potential outcomes.

Epideictic Rhetoric

A type of rhetoric that focuses on ‘praising’ and ‘blaming’. Most commonly used during the period of the 18th century.

Sensibility

A concept derived from moral philosophy that focuses on the importance of fellow feeling and sympathy in social aspects. Explains include the sentimental novel.

Speech Act

The saying that establishes words are often deeds themselves.

Panthesian / Desian

“Everywhere, God” ; The statement of God being everywhere, the feeling of him in all aspects of nature.

Volta

The break and turn of an Italian sonnet. Sometimes indicated as ‘yet / no / perhaps’, or a qualification / thought.

Octave

The first eight lines of an Italian sonnet. Implements a problem or conflict in the first structure.

Sestet

The six lines, or two tercets, of an Italian sonnet. Answers the problem provided in the octave.

Tercet

A set of three lines in an Italian sonnet. Two of them merged together to equal a sestet.

Couplet

Two concluding lines that wrap up the English sonnet. Utilizes a pouncing effect, according to Keats.

Mutability

 A type of device where it demonstrates a flipside of which the permanence of life passes away, but words live on forever.

Locodescriptive

A description of a place that is often utilized in landscape poetry. This is used by a prominent individual in the romanticism period, known as William Wordsworth.

Beautiful

Defines the small, contained and harmonious balances of comfort. Examples of this include pastoral scenes and gardens.

Sublime

Defines the feeling of fear, terror and the opposite of beauty. Holds an overwhelming type of admiration rooted in power and darkness. Examples include mountains and stormy seas.

Picturesque

The middle between the two defining features. The beautiful rounded up to the sublime, the balance between beauty and wildness. Examples include ruins and old cottages.

Myth of Continuity

The belief that life, values or traditions stay the same over time- or, in better words, the myth of the ‘golden age’ (once a perfect past better than the present). 

The Chapel Perilous

A diagram that demonstrates a symbolic place of extreme danger/moral testament in medieval quest romance. The arrow down represents the outward journey, the circle is the chapel perilous that recognizes the violation that occurred in nature), and the upward arrow is the return.

Quest Romance

A type of genre where the protagonist embarks on a journey to achieve a goal, but is faced with challenges that dwell into personal growth.

Lyrical Ballads (Title)

A collection of poems by William Wordsworth and Samuel Taylor Coleridge. Includes narrative and lyrical poems in a wide variety, marking the beginning of the Romantic era.

Lyrical ballad (Defintion)

A poem in which the feelings developed give importance to the action and situation.

Mimetic Function

A type of function that allows for art to imitate the world. Work has a referential connection to the world, a mirror holding itself up to reflect nature.

Pragmatic Function

A type of function where the audience/reader/spectator involvement that includes the ‘teaching and delighting’ through literature. Teaches us something, rather than imitating something. 

Expressive Function

The progress and creation of the work of art. Came to be around the romanticism period that it was exposed in view. 

Formal / Objective Function

The work itself.

Effusions

The free, unrestrained expression or emotion of intensity. The spontaneous overflow of emotion and feeling.

Conversation Poem

A type of genre that addresses someone close to the poet in an informal way. Usually reflects the poet’s relationship with nature or a close one.

Synecdoche

A rhetorical figure that is in association with the ‘whole’ when using something ‘apart’ from what is being said.

Pindaric Ode

A type of ode used to celebrate public events or heroic deeds. Consists of three parts: the strophe, antistrophe, and epode.

Horaitan Ode

A type of ode that utilizes simple stanza form and samples patterns for all stanzas. Used to convey peaceful moods to readers and concerns with love, joy, and passion.

Irregular Ode

A type of ode that does not follow the constraints of the two other odes. Dedicated to important subjects, including love, nature, aging, etc.

“Strophe”

A poetic form of the Pindaric ode that is distinct in units with a stanza line. First of the three parts, refers to a division within the poem.

“Antistrophe”

A rhetoric device of the Pindaric ode that concerns itself with the repetition of words at the end of sentences. Sung in response with the first poetic form.

“Epode”

A concluding part of the Pindaric ode that introduces resolutions and a potential shift in meter. Summarizes the two previous stanzas and often is metrical/rhymed.

Synaesthesia

When more than one part of the senses are called intertwined in a part of poetry within one line.

Bildungsroman

The story of a character who grows up. A building of formation.

Kunsthenroman

A variation of the Bildungsroman. A novel of formation about an artist, the growth of a poet's mind. Wordsworth taps into this in his Prelude.

Proleptic

An emotional phenomenon where we leap ahead in time as if an event had already happened.

Elegy

A type of genre that focuses on lamentation and reflection. Usually in the vision of someone’s death being honoured.

Epitaph

A short text that honors or memorializes a person who is deceased. Usually inscribed in an urn or tomb.

Spots of Time

The referral of intense, emotional and significant recollection in poetry that links in beauty. Provokes feelings of beauty, tranquility, or sublime insight.

Hymns

A lyric poem that is sung in Christian worship; a song of devotion and deity, somewhere that is spiritual. Utilizes cultural reflection and theological themes.

Pastoral Elegy

A type of genre that combines the innocent rural life with themes of death and mourning. Focuses on melancholy themes and grief of shepherds.

Image of the Child

Recovered the inner aspects of a child, as innocence and creativity was the rediscovery in a person. Takes the innocence and imagery of childhood into the power of manhood.

Supernatural Poem

A type of genre that focuses on the unknown, spiritual and mystical aspects of nature. Explores psychological curiosities about ‘good and evil’.

The Chimney Sweeper (Innocence)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Features innocence and deception in a dream-like state between a young boy and the devil. As he cannot recognize deception, he results in believing the Devil’s word.

The Lamb (Innocence)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Between a voice that questions about the child (lamb)’s existence and introduces him to God. Focuses on symbolism of Jesus, purity, and creation.

The Ecchoing Green (Innocence)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Involves reciprocity between child and nature, where life progresses on as the child transitions into the future (adulthood). Intertwines melancholy with aging.

The Nurse’s Song (Innocence)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. About a dialogue between an old nurse and a group of children playing in the field. Reciprocal exchange between innocence of the two are met.

Holy Thursday (Innocence)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Takes place during service on Ascension Day, capturing the children participating as fragile and beautiful in their innocence. Rendered as ‘fairest and finest’.

The Chimney Sweeper (Experience)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Depicts emotional pain of an abused child after being abandoned by their father. Exposes horrors of child labour in the practice of sweeping.

The Tyger (Experience)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. A counterpart to an innocence poem, where it utilizes imagery of creation and forgery. Reminds about Prometheus and Ercus, mythological beings who stole fire from God.

The Nurse’s Song (Experience)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. A dialogue who reports on the children with jealousy and warns about the passing of youth. Demonstrates the differences between adulthood and childhood.

Holy Thursday (Experience)

A poem from ‘Songs of Innocence and Experiences’. Highlights children as victims of cruelty and injustice, questioning the reader while cycling through “eternal winters” and spring. Suggests that children experience from public neglect of the future.

What is NOT an example of a conversation poem?

Kubla Khan (Coleridge)

What is NOT an example of a supernatural poem?

Expostulation and Reply (Wordsworth)

What is NOT an example of landscape poetry?

Adonais (Shelley)

What is NOT an example of a romantic sonnet?

The Prelude (Wordsworth)

What is NOT an example of a romantic ode?

To the Evening Star (Shelley)

Which is NOT apart of the Lyrical Ballads?

Hymn to Intellectual Beauty

What is NOT an example of a elegy poem?

The Book of Thel (Blake)

Prelude

The growth of a poet’s mind. A prominent focus in Wordsworth’s biographical poem.

What were the two features that the Romantics focused on?

Nature (landscape and topography), and the mind (consciousness, imagination).

What rhythm does the italian sonnet follow?

(A B B A A B B A / C D E C D E)

What rhythm does the English sonnet follow?

(A B A B / C D C D / E F E F / G G)

On First Looking into Chapman's Homer

Written by Keats. Demonstrates that imaginations explored refer to his reading, utilizing geographical imagery to emphasize the discoveries in reading a specific book. Discovers himself as a poet.

When I have Fears

Written by Keats. A shakespearean sonnet that uses time to picture premature death. Quatrains use units of time to flow into ‘ceasing' / ‘nothingness’.

Composed upon Westminster Bridge

Written by Wordsworth. Captured in the city of London where it uses feminine descriptors with blazon techniques to praise the cities structural aspects. Looked into the city to feel internally of his experiences.

To the Autumnal Moon

Written by Coleridge. Addresses a specific celestial part of space that applies personification with feminine descriptors. Captures hope: in change and fairness of the environment, it can change like how it appears in emergence.

Ozymandias

Written by Shelley. Describes a ruined statue that explores the permeance of life and time in political power. Demonstrates that even if physical life and efforts are made in history, power is not permanent- one day be forgotten as a relic.

Tintern Abbey

Written by Wordsworth. Utilizes landscape as a picturesque convention and establishes a myth of continuity. Concludes that the love of nature leads to the love of man, by reflecting back into nature.

Mont Blanc

Written by Shelley. Describes the landscape as something more penetrational and categorizes objects in sublime power. Looks at the projections of the mind- individualizing mortal and individual power, with sublime power as the deepest.

Nutting

Written by Wordsworth. Expresses the violation of nature and utilizes the quest romance genre. The speaker imagines himself as a knight, but then places guilt in reaping the rewards from violating the tree and establishes himself as a intruder.

What were the prominent words from the Preface of Lyrical Ballads?

Good poetry must require the spontaneous overflow of emotions- come from the language used by the common, and trace the primary laws of language with the human mind.

What is a poet?

A man speaking to men, and a mean speaking in the language of real men and women of rural life.

Simon Lee

Written by Wordsworth. Gives importance to the action and situation through its feeling, outlining a man’s life with his story to then living with his wife in his old age. Asks what the moral of the story is- and questions if we want to perceive it as a tale.

We Are Seven

Written by Wordsworth. Establishes the complexity and obscurity of a child turning to the notion of death- colliding with adult logic and childhood perspective. States that love and relationships cannot be separated, no matter the current stance of connection.

Michael

Written by Wordsworth. Holds hard labour and industry as a pastoral poem- then towards loss, due to the son abandoning his family to work. Pictures love of property and parental affection.

The Thorn

Written by Wordsworth. Uses conventions to string along the narrative of gossip towards a betrayed woman forsaken by a man. Turns towards to superstition, questioning whether the thorn tree created the illusion of the woman.

The Eolian Harp

Written by Coleridge. Uses an instrument as a central conceit as the focus of creativity: imagination being like a ‘spontaneous overflow of thought’. Ends his creative journey and the poem in a self surrender, the divine wind ceasing to be.

Frost at Midnight

Written by Coleridge. A conversation poem that presents a speaker projecting himself to the external world with experiences of a school boy, hoping that nature will teach his son and envision a double of himself. Engages in conversation with the thought of giving away in a form of reciprocity.

Nightingale

Written by Coleridge. Uses the context of Philomei and questions the myth of melancholy in nature and turns it upside down; turns the conventional attitude of the bird from ‘melancholy’ to ‘joy’. Has the quote “in nature, there is nothing melancholy”.