4 Appalachian Environment and One Health

In appalachian KY, heart disease kills nearly double the amount of people than the rest of KY

Discuss the rates of heart disease in Appalachia compared to the rest of KY.

KY's overall incidence of heart disease is 47% higher than other states

Discuss the rates of heart disease in KY overall compared to the rest of the U.S.

1. Heart disease

2. diabetes

3. obesity

4. smoking

5. lung cancer

Name 5 ailments which have higher rates of affecting those in Appalachia compared to the rest of the U.S.

Tobacco

The first leading cause of deaths in appalachia is heart disease. What actually contributes to this cause of death?

Poor diet/inactivity

The second leading cause of death in appalachia is cancer. What actually contributes to this cause of death?

Alcohol

The third leading cause of death in appalachia are cerebrovascular problems. What actually contributes to this cause of death?

Microbial agents

The fourth leading cause of death in appalachia is chronic lower respiratory disease. What actually contributes to this cause of death?

Smoking, sedentary lifestyle, diet

Name the major contributors to Appalachia's health disparities.

Because the heath disparities (smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and diet) which plague Appalachia are NOT unique to appalachians

Why does the "Appalachian" lifestyle not exist?

There is an UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION of healthcare resources

Appalachia as a whole DOES NOT contain a shortage of medical professionals. What causes the health disparity?

Appalachia is one of the nation's MOST OBESE regions as well as having higher rates of food insecurity

Describe Appalachia and its' relation to obesity.

Appalachians have HIGHER RATES of psychological distress, depression, and suicide relative to the rest of the nation

Describe Appalachia and its' relation to the mental health crisis.

Drug poisoning death (opioids and fentanyl specifically) is VERY HIGH compared to rest of the nation.

People break into clinics and steal opioids or will injure animals on purpose to get drugs.

Describe Appalachia and its' relation to drug poisoning deaths.

Small farms dominate Appalachia with over 95% with 100 acres or less. 60% have 50 acres or less.

U.S. average is 343 acres per farm.

We have more farms in Appalachia but they are smaller.

Describe size of Appalachian farms compared to U.S. farm average

In appalachia, cattle make up 65% of all herd animals. In the U.S. cattle make up 39% of herd animals.

Compare the size of Appalachian cattle herd sizes with the rest of the U.S.

Cattle and pigs

What animals dominate as Appalachian farm animals, together making up 91% of appalachian large animals?

May not be receiving adequate outpatient treatment, may be receiving untimely access to inpatient services

Why might Appalachians face higher rates of psychological distress, depression, suicide and overall mental health disparities compared to the rest of the world?

18% of vets in TN are over 60 y.o.

Describe the distribution of veterinarians and their age in TN?

Copper and Selenium

Name the top two micronutrient deficiencies in Appalachia.

Coastal Plains regions

Besides the Appalachian mountain, where else is Copper Deficiency common?

Cattle

What animal is typically affected by copper deficiency, especially in Appalachia?

Change of hair color (animals may become bleached or develop gray/red tint), dull coat

Name the symptoms of copper deficiency

White muscle disease: stiff legged gait or unable to stand because upper forelimb and hind limb are affected

Name the symptoms of selenium deficiency

GI and nervous signs: ataxia, blindness, salivation, spastic twitching of eyelids, jaw champing, bruxism (involuntary clenching or grinding of teeth), muscle tremors, convulsions

Name the symptoms of lead poisoning in cattle

More common in young animals like dogs and cattle: lick lead posts, batteries, other things due to improper disposal of farming activities like oil

What animals is lead poisoning more common in? How do they get it?

Cats, make up 53% of rabid domestic species

What domestic species represents the MAJORITY of rabid animals in the U.S.?

TRUE

TRUE OR FALSE: Only 8% of rabid animal cases are reported in domestic species.

Pennsylvania and Virginia

Which states have the highest number of rabid cats in the U.S.?

1. MOST DOMESTIC RABIDS: cats

2. dogs

3. cattle

4. horses/mules

5. sheep goats

6. LEAST DOMESTIC RABIDS: swine/llamas

State the ranking of domestic animal rabies in the U.S. from most common to least common

Copper deficiency

What is this?

Copper deficiency

What is this?

Selenium deficiency

What is this?