Gathering of Lands

the period of gathering of lands begins

in Moscow, during the Appanage Period

Iurii Dolgorukii

Prince of Suzdal, meaning ‘ long arms’ - trying to gain land outside of his principality. His children form the Moscow line

Vsevolod III

begins the Moscow line, as it becomes its own principality

In this year, Moscow is first mentioned in the Primary Chronicle

1147

Rulers of Suzdal send their sons to rule in Moscow. It is known to have become a principality when

a wall is built

Daniel

son of Alexander Nevsky, first of the Moscow line, and it becomes a separate branch when he settles down here, instead of seeing Moscow as a stepping stone

3 phases of growth

1 - power moves from Vladimir to Moscow

2 - first victory over the Mongols

3 - biggest land acquistions

Others wanted to lead the process of Unification, a major competitor being

Tver, which was far from the golden hoard and had more difficult terrain

Iurii and Michael of Tver

Michael received the yarlik, making him grand prince, but Iurii married the khan’s sister, which gave him the y’arlik 1319-1322. He and Michael fight, but Iurii is defeated. His wife is captured and dies. Michael is executed, his son Dmitri kills Iurii, then is also executed

the 14th century sees the

gathering of lands

Ivan Kalita, 1328-41

makes Moscow the capital of the North eastern area and moves the metropolitan.

Moscow becomes the religious center in

1327

Growth continues under

Simeon the Proud and Ivan II

Dmitrii Donskoi, 1359-89

Russia begins to defeat the Mongols militarily, and is heading towards a centralized state while the Mongols start to see the appanage period.

Under Dmitrii, this first major victory over the Mongols occurs, giving him his nickname of Donskoi

Battle of Kulikovo, 1380

Basil I, 1389-1425, and Basil II 1425-62

Second Stage begins. the golden hoard breaks into multiple khanates, and the Mongols are pushed back

the 3 khanates as the Mongols enter appanage

Kazan, Astrakhan, and Crimea

In this year, Constantinople falls to the Ottoman Turks. The Ottoman Empire emerges, and Moscow condemns the joining of the Byzantine and Roman churches

1453

The connection between Russia and their byzantine neighbor was severed, and the patriarch signs an agreement with the Pope to get aid, subordinating Orthodoxy to Catholicism.

Moscow princes are angry, creating the new mentality that while Constantinople was the second Rome, Moscow is the third

Feudal War

Basil II is blinded, and the order of inheritance is defined

Ivan III, the Great, 1462-1505

The third stage. Moscow gets Tver, Novgorod, Riazan, and goes to war with Lithuania. Feudal republics with no democracy, and all issues are decided at the veche

these people have the real power

boyars (land owners)

all administration in Novgorod is destroyed, and the Bell of Freedom is taken to Moscow, signifying that

the period of the Republic is over

Creation of a

centralized state

what dynasty is this?

Rurik dynasty

The Mongol period began and ended in

1237-1480

The Standing at the River Ugra

1480, the symbolic end of the Mongolian yoke. The Khan’s allies did not come, and the Mongolian army just left

Ivan III married

Zoe, a Byzantine princess who converted to Orthodoxy and became Sophia

Ivan began to use this title internally after marrying Sophia

Tsar

Sophia changed the Muscovite court, connecting Russia to an ancient line of rulers and making it more

sophisticated, using court intrigue

The Pope hoped that Zoe would

make Russian Catholic and encourage them to fight the Muslims

Basil III 1505-33

Moscow takes Pskov, the rest of Riazan, and Smolensk. War with Lithuania

The gathering of lands, which started in 1300, ends with Ivan the Terrible in

1533