Psych Mental Health Unit

Schizophrenia

• Psychotic disorder

  • Excessive dopamine

  • Hallucinations

  • Delusions

  • Disordered thoughts

  • Flat Effect

Schizoaffective Personality Disorder

• Schizophrenia and mood disorder symptoms

  • Mania

  • Depression

Schizoid Personality Disorder

• Withdrawn

• Lacks feelings for others

• Have very few relationships

Schizotypal Personality Disorder

• Atypical thought, speech, or emotional reactions

• Impaired social functioning

Paranoid Personality Disorder

• Inappropriately suspicious and mistrustful of others

• Refusal to accept blame or criticism

Borderline Personality Disorder

• Tendency to act impulsively

• Self destructive

• Unstable self image

• Unstable mood

• Mostly women

Antisocial Personality Disorder

• Pattern of violent, criminal, or unethical behavior

• Inability to feel affection for others

• No remorse for their actions

• Mostly men

Histrionic Personality Disorder

• Extremely dramatic

• Attention seeking

• Needs praise and reassurance

Narcissistic Personality Disorder

• Grandiose perception

• Needs constant attention and admiration

Dependent Personality Disorder

• Inability to make decisions on their own

• Can’t live independently

• Can’t tolerate being alone

Avoidant Personality Disorder

• Fear of rejection

• Leads to isolation

Obsessive Compulsive Personality Disorder

Obsessed with:

• Orderliness

• Personal control

• Rules

• Schedules

• Unreasonable perfectionism

Major Depressive Disorder

• Intense sadness

• Can last 2 months to forever

Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)

• Less intense sadness

• 2 years or more

  • Biological origin

Seasonal Affective Disorder

• Depression that occurs at specific times of year with less sunlight

Bipolar Disorder

• Manic Depression

  • Depressed and manic episodes

• Bipolar 1

  • Mania

  • Hypomania

  • Normal mood

  • Mild depression

  • Severe depression

• Bipolar 2

  • Mania

  • Hypomania

  • Normal mood

  • Mild depression

  • Severe depression

  • Normal mood

• Bipolar 1- More positive episodes than negative ones

• Bipolar 2- More negative episodes than positive ones

• Low level Serotonin

• Higher levels of norepinephrine

Causes of Depression

• Biological Factors

  • Chemical imbalances

  • Low serotonin levels

Dissociative Identity Disorder

• Multiple Personality Disorder

  • Personality separates

  • Alters

  • Alters take on different personalities, perspectives, names, etc.

  • Usually caused by severe trauma/abuse

Dissociative Fugue

• Reversible amnesia relating to personal identity

  • Memories

  • Personality

  • Characteristics of individuality

  • Could last hours to days

  • Typically involves unplanned travel or wandering

PTSD

• Mental health problem that people develop after experiencing or witnessing a life-threatening event

  • Nightmares or unwanted memories

  • Heightened reactions

  • Anxiety or depressed mood

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

• Obsessions (thoughts)

• Compulsions (actions)

  • obsessions→anxiety→compulsions→relief (restarts)

Somatoform Disorder

Complaining of physical symptoms with no physical cause

• Hypochondriasis

  • Thinking it’s there

• Conversion Hysteria

  • Having it with no probable cause

Behavioral Therapy (Aversive Conditioning)

• Pair a habit with an unpleasant stimulus

Behavioral Therapy (Systematic Desensitization)

• Showing neutral and relaxing visuals for anxiety-inducing situations

Behavioral Therapy (Token Economy)

Reinforces target behavior; provides rewards for following behavior correctly

Psychodynamic Therapy (Free Association)

Talk freely about whatever comes to mind to reveal inner frustrations

• Uses dream interpretations

• Uses hypnosis to get into the subconscious

Humanist Therapy (Client Centered Approach)

• Active listening rather than therapist-directed conversation

• Client is responsible for the change

Cognitive Therapy

• See the connection between thoughts and unpleasant feelings

• Focuses on changing the way of thinking

Cognitive Behavior Therapy

• Change negative ways of thinking about self, the world, and the future into positive ways to think and act

Group Therapy

• Bring people with similar situations together to discuss

• Helps members improve communication and resolve conflicts

Biological Therapy (Drug/Physical Therapy)

• Use drugs to treat the biological effects of the disorder

Biological Therapy (Electroconvulsive Therapy)

• Use of electric shocks to reset the brain

• Often a last resort

• Mainly for mood disorders

• Can be used for psychotic disorders