Chapter 9 - Intelligence

Pyschological Testing

a way of evaluating a person's thoughts, feelings, behaviors (personality)Intel, or mental abilities by using carefully designed and standardized tests

Intelligence Tests

type of mental ability test that measures someones general ability (intellectual potential)

Aptitude Tests

test that measures specific mental ability potential (ex. SAT)

Achievement Tests

mental ability test that measures knowledges and mastery (ex. classroom tests on a topic)

Personality Tests

tests that measures aspects of personality (ex. myors’s briggs)

Standardization

Procedures used to give and score the test are always done the same way

Percentile Score

the percent of people who scored at or below your score

Reliability

refers to consistency of a test (“will your test scores be similiar if you take a test and retest?”)

Validity

the ability of a test to measure what it was designed to measure

Content Validity

the degree to which the content on a test matches the subject covered

Criterion-related Validity

a measure of Validity by measuring test scores with other independent citeria (higher scores = higher performance in job?)

IQ

intelligence quotient (average is 100)

Binet-Simon Test

• studied students with learning disabilities (who will need academic assistance?)

• created the “mental age” = a measure based on the childs ability compared to the mental ability of a typical child of a certain age

Stanford-Binet Test

• created the “IQ score” = mental age/ chronological age x 100

• determined average IQ is 100

• study is still used today

Wechsler Test

• created the Adult Intelligence Scale

• studied verbal IQ AND performance IQ

• normal distribution of scores - bell curve

Normal Distribution

a symmetrical probability distribution where most data points cluster around the center (the mean) and taper off symmetrically toward the extremes

Standard Deviation

Gifted

Intellectual Disability

Reaction Range

Heritability of Intelligence