HESI AP pt.2

Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating metabolism through the secretion of thyroid hormones?

Thyroid gland

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the production of sperm in the male reproductive system?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Which part of the neuron is responsible for receiving signals from other neurons?

Dendrite

Which directional term describes a position closer to the point of attachment of a limb to the trunk?

Proximal

Which of the following correctly describe the process and components involved in the transformation of food during digestion?

select all that apply.

Mastication

Chyme production

Peristalsis

What is the primary function of the Loop of Henle in the nephron?

Reabsorption of water and salts to concentrate urine

Which component of blood is primarily r

Erythrocytes

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for regulating body temperature?

Dermis

Which of the following are functions of the skeletal system?

Movement

Blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Detoxification

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for voluntary movements and is attached to bones?

Skeletal muscle

Which part of the heart initiates the electrical impulses that regulate the heartbeat

Sinoatrial (SA) node

Which of the following are functions of the nervous system?

select all that apply.

Coordinating body movements

Regulating endocrine glands

Enabling abstract thinking

What is the primary function of dendrites in a neuron?

Receiving incoming signals from other neurons

What is the primary function of the lymphatic system in the human body?

To filter and remove pathogens and waste from the lymph

Which directional term means toward the front of the body?

Anterior

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of male secondary sexual characteristics?

Testosterone

Which of the following correctly describes the function of the small intestine in the digestive system?

It absorbs nutrients such as amino acids and simple sugars into the bloodstream

What is the primary function of the ureter in the urinary system?

To transport urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder

Which of the following hormones are produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Growth hormone (GH)

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Which type of muscle tissue is involuntary, striated, and found only in the heart?

Cardiac muscle

Which structure in the skeletal system primarily provides protection for vital organ

Bone

Which of the following structures is responsible for filtering lymph and trapping pathogens within the lymphatic system?

Lymph nodes

Which muscle plays the most important role in the process of inhalation?

Diaphragm

Which type of bone is characterized by having a long shaft with two ends and is primarily responsible for supporting weight and facilitating movement?

Long bones

Which directional term refers to a structure located farther from the point of attachment to the trunk?

Distal

Which gland is primarily responsible for regulating the body’s metabolic rate?

Thyroid gland

What does the term “homeostasis” refer to

Maintaining internal balance

Which structure serves as the site of fetal development?

Uterus

Which of the following are functions of the lymphatic system? Select all that apply.

Returning fluid to circulation

Immune defense

Which division of the nervous system controls voluntary movement?

Somatic nervous system

Which structure is responsible for producing urine?

Nephron

Which of the following are components of the peripheral nervous system?

Select all that apply.

Cranial nerves

Spinal nerves

Which type of bone cell is responsible for the formation of new bone tissue?

Osteoblast

Which layer of the epidermis is responsible for cell division?

Stratum basale

Which structure prevents food from entering the airway during swallowing?

Epiglottis

Which blood vessels exchange oxygen and nutrients with tissues?

Capillaries

Which organ filters blood to remove waste products?

Kidney

Which protein is directly responsible for muscle contraction?

Myosin

Which lymphatic structure returns lymph to the bloodstream?

Thoracic duct

Which of the following are functions of skeletal muscle?

Select all that apply.

Movement

Heat production

Which component of the blood is primarily responsible for clot formation to prevent excessive bleeding?

Platelets

Which side of the heart pumps oxygenated blood to the body?

Left side

Which structure connects bone to bone?

Ligament

Which bone type contains a central canal for blood vessels?

Compact bone

Which hormone promotes sperm production?

FSH

Which of the following statements about anatomical position is incorrect?

The palms face backward

Which structure warms, filters, and humidifies inhaled air?

Nasal cavity

The stomach is ______ to the spine.

Anterior

Which hormone lowers blood calcium levels?

Calcitonin

Which organ secretes enzymes that break down all major nutrient types?

Pancreas

What is the primary function of the pulmonary artery?

Carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs

What is the main function of the myelin sheath?

Increase speed of nerve impulses

Where does most nutrient absorption occur?

Small intestine

Which mineral is most essential for bone hardness

Calcium

What pigment gives skin its color?

Melanin

Which type of muscle tissue is found in the walls of hollow organs?

Smooth muscle

Which gland controls the release of hormones from the pituitary gland?

Hypothalamus

What is the main function of yellow bone marrow?

Store fat

Which ion is primarily responsible for depolarization during an action potential?

Sodium (Na⁺)

Which cell type is primarily responsible for antibody production?

B cells

What structure transports urine from the kidney to the bladder?

Ureter

What is the primary function of platelets?

Clot blood

What is the term for a structure located toward the midline of the body?

Medial

Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtration?

Glomerulus

Which hormone increases blood sugar levels during stress?

Epinephrine

Which organ produces bile?

Liver

Where does fertilization typically occur?

Fallopian tube

Which part of the neuron sends signals away from the cell body?

Axon

Which hormone triggers ovulation?

Luteinizing hormone

What does the term “inferior” mean?

Toward the feet

What muscle is primarily responsible for inhalation?

Diaphragm

Which type of joint allows the greatest range of motion?

Ball-and-socket

What is the term for muscles that work in opposite pairs?

Antagonists

What does “hematology” refer to?

Study of blood

What is the primary function of macrophages in the lymphatic system?

Engulf and destroy pathogens

Which bone is the longest bone in the body?

Femur

Which blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow?

Veins

What type of cell breaks down bone tissue?

Osteoclast

Which part of the brain regulates breathing and heart rate?

Medulla oblongata

Which term describes the ability of muscle to return to its original length after stretching?

Elasticity

What type of neuron carries impulses from receptors to the CNS?

Sensory neuron

What structure is the primary site of gas exchange?

Alveoli

Which organ stores urine before elimination?

Bladder

What does “superior” mean in anatomical terminology?

Above

What is the term for the study of tissues?

Histology

Which structure prevents food from entering the nasal cavity during swallowing

Soft palate

Which protein is responsible for the toughness of the skin?

Keratin

What is the gap between two neurons called?

Synaptic cleft

Which blood component is primarily responsible for fighting infection?

White blood cells

Where does protein digestion begin?

Stomach

Which muscle type is striated and involuntary?

Cardiac muscle

What hormone regulates sleep-wake cycles?

Melatonin

Which organ is the largest lymphatic organ?

Spleen

Which gland produces cortisol?

Adrenal gland

Which bone protects the brain?

Skull

What does “pathogen” refer to?

Disease-causing agent

Which structure surrounds the glomerulus?

Bowman’s capsule

What type of vessel transports lymph throughout the body?

Lymphatic vessels

Which structure produces sperm?

Testes

Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining pregnancy?

Progesterone