BIOL: Nucleic Acids- Macromolecules

What do Nucleic acids do?

• stores and transmit inherited information

2 types of Nucleic acids?

DNA and RNA

What is a nucleotide?

Long chains of DNA and RNA subunits

What do nucleotides consist of? (3 things)

1. A monosaccharide

• DNA nucleotide: Deoxyribose

• RNA nucleotides: Ribose

2. At least 1 phosphate group

3. A nitrogenous base

• A ring structure that contains nitrogen …..ex.) Cytosine, Thymine, Adenine, Guanine, and sometimes Uracil

Nucleotide for DNA

Deoxyribose

Nucleotide for RNA?

Ribose

What are the 2 categories of Nitrogenous Bases?

1. Pyrimidines (only 1 ring)

2. Purines (2 rings)

Possible types of Pyrimidines?

• Cytosine and Thymine

Possible types of Purines

• Adenine and Guanine

Example of Nitrogenous base DNA

• Adenine bonds with Thymine (A=T)

• Guanine bonds with Cytosine (G=C)

And for RNA?

• Special: Adenine bonds with Uracil (A=U) Not Thymine like in DNA

• Guanine bonds with Cytosine (G=C)

Structure of RNA and DNA? alternating..

• Phosphate groups and monosaccharides

• create the nucleotides (dna-deoxyribose) and (Rna- Ribose)

What are the 5’ and 3’ ends?

• Nucleotides have a 5’ and 3’ ends (connecting sticks)

• phosphates 5’

• monosaccharides 3’

Which is single stranded? (rna or dna)

• RNA

Which is double stranded?

• DNA

DNA double stranded visual

RNA single stranded visual

DNA location and function?

• DNA is located in the Cytosol of bacteria
  

• Located in the nucleus for eukaryotes

• They act as genes

SUMMARY

• Nucleic acids are macromolecules used for information storage and genetics

• Nucleotides are the subunits for DNA (deoxyribose) and RNA (ribose)

• RNA is single stranded

• DNA is double stranded