APES Unit 7 quiz Part two

Green Revolution

a set of global agriculture policies introduced from 1940-60 that emphasized the planting of high-yielding hybrid crops, intensive irrigation, mechanization, and the widespread use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers.

Green revolution pioneer

**Norman Borlaug**

Why did the grain production increase after green belt movement

The energy for the Green Revolution was provided by ***fossil fuels*** in the form of fertilizers (natural gas), pesticides (oil), and hydrocarbon fueled irrigation.

Inidustrial Agriculture

Agriculture that applies the techniques of mechanization and standardization (agribusiness).

Energy Subsidy

The fossil fuel energy and human energy input per calorie of food produced.

Mechanization

Agriculture is extremely labor intensive. In countries with cheap, abundant fossil fuels it can be economically advantageous to replace people with machines.

Economies of Scale

With mechanization, large farms growing commodity crops have become more profitable than small, diverse farms.

Undernutrition

The condition in which not enough calories are ingested to maintain health.

Malnourished

Having a diet that lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, and minerals.

Food Security/ Insecurity

A condition in which people have access to sufficient, safe, and nutritious food that meets their needs for an active and healthy lifestyle.

**Insufficient Vitamin B9 (folate or folic acid)**

produces neural tube / brain abnormalities, ex) spina bifida

**Insufficient Iodine**

produces goiters (iodized salt)

**Insufficient Vitamin A**

prolonged deficiency produces blindness (lack of beta carotene)

Overnutrition

The ingestion of too many calories and a lack of balance of foods and essential nutrients.