ANAT 4300 Unit 5 Written

The GI tract is made of ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. true or false

true!

ectoderm forms

neural crest cells for the enteric nervous system

the mesoderm forms

smooth muscle and connective tissue

endoderm forms

inner lining of of digestive tract

The midgut is open to the yolk sac through the

vitelline duct

buccopharyngeal forms

the mouth

cloacal forms

anus

what does the allantois do?

helps the embryo get rid of waste through the umbilical cord.

Major artery associated with the foregut

celiac artery

major artery associated with the midgut

superior mesentaric artery

major artery associated with the hindgut

inferior mesentaric artery

parts of the FOREGUT

1. lower resp. tract

2. esophagus

3. stomach

4. duodenum

5. liver

6. gall bladder

7. pancreas

tracheobronchial diverticulum is the

lung bud

the stomach has a 90 degree clockwise rotation. true or false

true

posterior has the ___ vagus n.

LEFT

ventral side has the ____ vagus n.

RIGHT

the duodenum rotates 90 degrees to the right resulting in

secondarily retroperitoneal (attached to the wall)

the septum transversum is the future

diaphragm

hepatic sinusoids deliever

oxygenated blood

hemopoietic cells produce

blood cells

kupffer cells are derived from

the septum transversum and it filters toxins in the liver!!

what is an annular pancreas?

when the two buds of the pancreas malrotate and tightens around the duodenum

midgut parts:

1. duodeum

2. small intestine

3. ascending colon

4. transverse colon

the rotation is around the ___ a.

superior mesentaric a.

the primary intestinal loop undergoes a

90 degree counterclockwise rotation first. this is a herniation!

the second rotation of the intestinal loop is

180 degrees counterclockwise. this returns it to the abdominal cavity. happens at the end of the 3rd month

during the 6th week, the endodermal lining completely occuludes the gut tube. true or false

true

at the end of the 9th week, recanalization happens. true or false

true

what leads to vacuoles during recanalization

apoptosis

gastroschisis happens when

itsnt completely fused with the midline

omphalocele is when

the intestines dont return after the 90 degree counterclockwise turn.

what is a volvulus?

when the intestines twist upon itself.

what is a stenosis?

narrow lumen. endoscopic dilation to solve.

what is atresia?

full blockage of the lumen

parts of the hindgut

1. transverse colon

2. descending colon

3. sigmoid colon

4. rectum

5. superior part anal canal

what is hirschprungs disease?

when the neural crest cells dont reach all the way down into the rectum. this means there is no innervation in the area and then the indiivdual cannot poop.

Transversus abdominus

straight striations

internal oblique

thumb up striations

external oblique

hands in pocket striations

inguinal canal is formed from

anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

the inguinal canal starts from the

deep inguinal canal to the superficial inguinal ring

what does the inguinal canal contain?

spermatic cord and round ligament of the uterus

what is an indirect hernia?

goes through both rings

what is a direct hernia?

goes to a weakening in the abdominal wall

structures in the RUQ

1. R kidney

2. gall bladder

3. liver

structures in the LUQ

1. stomach

2. L kidney

3. spleen

structures in the LRQ

1. appendix

2. secum

3. R ovary

structures in the LLQ

1. sigmoid colon

2. L ovary

Celiac a. branches:

1. splenic (curvy)

2. common hepatic (to liver)

3. left gastric

superior mesenteric a. branches

1. ileocolic (secum)

2. right colic

3. middle colic

4. intestinal

inferior menenteric a. branches

1. left colic

2. sigmoidal

3. superior rectal

what does mesentery do?

anchors organs to the body wall. contains vessels, lymph, and nerves. examples are greater/lesser omentum

ascending and descending colon are directly attached to body wall. true or false

true

what does the mesocolon do?

attaches the transverse and sigmoid colons to the abdominal wall.

retroperitoneal organs

1. aorta and IVC

2. duodenum

3. pancreas

4. uteters

5. colon (asc and desc)

6. kidneys

7. esophagus

8. rectum

inner to outer wall of GI

1. mucosa

2. submucosa

3. muscularis externa

4. serosa

what is mucosa made of

epithelium

submucosa has visible

glands

muscularis externa has two layers

circular and longitudinal

muscularis of the esophagus is

upper - voluntary

middle - mixed

lower - smooth

end of the stomach going to the duodenum is called the

pyloric canal

parietal cells in the stomach produce

HCl and is important for B12 absorption

chief cells are

important for pepsinogen to break down protein. they also produce gastic lipase to break down lipids

the liver has two imporant features

faliciform ligament (holds it to wall) and round ligament (left over umbilical cord)

what is in the porta hepatis?

1. common hepatic duct

2. hepatic artery

3. hepatic vein (deoxy blood)

common bile duct drains into the

duodenum

L and R hepatic duct drain into

common hepatic duct

liver is made of many ___ which always contain these 3 structures

hepatocytes. hepatic vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct branch (bile out)

bile composition:

1. bile salts (allows pancreatic lipase to work)

2. cholesterol

3. bilirubin (byproduct of RBC destruction)

liver functions:

1. lipid metabolism

2. carbohydrate metabolis

3. protein metabolism

4. phagocytosis (kupffer cells)

rolls of the large intestine are called

haustra

large intestines are made of

simple columnar epithelium. goblet cells produce mucous

Pathway of ejactulation:

1. testis

2. epididymis (mature sperm)

3. vas deferens

4. passes with the seminal gland

5. ejaculatory duct

6. penis

males KEEP what duct

Mesonephric duct. it forms the vas deferens

females KEEP which duct

Paramesonephric duct. forms uterus.

the two ducts are made of what

intermediate mesoderm

the gubernacular help with what task

the descent of the testis.

what does the inguinal canal have to do with testicular descent?

makes room for the testis to drop. needs to close up after so there is no hernia

the spermatic cord contains

1. vas deferens

2. test. art. and vein

3. nerves and lymph

4. cremaster m.

what is tunica albuginea?

thick white outer covering of the testis

what do interstitial (leydig) cells produce?

testosterone

sertoli cells are for

support

suspensory ligament is for

surrounding ovarian vessels and nerves

broad ligament

BIG! surrounds all and holds to wall

ovarian ligament

anchors ovary to uterus

round ligament

anchors uterus anteriorly to labia

ampulla is

where fertilization happens

the fallopian tubes are made of

cilliated and non ciliated columnar epithelium.

functional layer of endometrium (part that sloughs off) has

spiral a.

basal layer has

straight a.