KINES 101 Exam 3

motor control

addresses the process underlying the acquisition, performance, and retention of motor skills

acquisition

past

performance

present

retention

future

motor control 2

mechanisms that our CNS employs to move our body segments, maintain posture in accord to a particular task

physiology

how muscles work together to produce movement. structure and function of skeletal muscle

kinematics

descriptors of movement

kinetics

forces that cause movement

true or false: forces producing coordination of limb movements, such as walking, result entirely from muscle contraction

false - relies on many other factors

experimental psychology

uses scientific methods to investigate and analyze behavior through controlled experiments

Information processing theories

explain the relationships between sensation, perception, and action

cognitive neuroscience

processes responsible for learning, memory, and motivational states

learning theory

cognitive and educational learning forms the foundation for understanding motor learning

which plane separates the right and left hemispheres of the brain

sagittal

frontal lobe

responsible for planning and movement

parietal lobe

responsible for somatosensory processing

temporal lobe

responsible for auditory processing and language

occipital lobe

responsible for vision

lateral fissure

separates the frontal and temporal lobe

central sulcus

separates frontal lobe and parietal lobe

corpus callosum

joins the two hemispheres of the brain

which fissure is in the midsagittal plane of the brain

longitudinal

which structure connects the two hemispheres with white matter connections

corpus callosum

basal ganglia

clusters of grey matter involved primarily in motor control

circle of willis

includes several arteries that supply blood to the brain by providing collateral circulation to ensure blood supply is maintained

which lobe contains the primary somasensory cortex

parietal lobe

neuron

main functional unit of the nervous system. send and receive information from electrical currents/nerve impulses

a neuron with a larger dendritic arborization has greater/less/same synaptic inputs than one with a smaller one

greater

astrocytes

maintain the chemical environment

oligodendrocytes

form myelin sheaths

schwann cells

form myelin in peripheral nervous system

microglia

primary immune cells in CNS acting as macrophages

excitatory synapse

depolarization, glutamate

inhibitory synapse

hyperpolarization, GABA

sodium enters the cell in which phase of the action potential

depolarization

myelin

cell insulation formed for oligodendrocytes

Acetylcholine

transmitter at neuromuscular junction important for memory (inhibitory in the brain)

Glutamate

major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain and spinal cord

GABA

major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain

Catecholamines

dopamine and norepinephrine. attentional regulation and motor control

serotonin

sleep-wake cycles and depression

glycine

major inhibitor neurotransmitter in the spinal cord

stroke

limited blood flow leading to the brain

internal carotid arteries

anterior circulation, supply the majority of the cerebral hemispheres

vertebral arteries

provide posterior circulation to the brain. travel up the spine and merge into the basilar artery

posterior communicating arteries

connect the carotid system to the vertebral

anterior communicating artery

connects the two anterior cerebral arteries

which artery is a continuation of the internal carotid artery

middle cerebral

which artery supplies the primary sensory and motor cortices in the posterior frontal and anterior parietal lobes

middle cerebral

isometric stroke

blockage of vessel (most common)

hemorrhagic stroke

bursting of a blood vessel