lab 9 I think

• Respiration

• Ventilation of lungs exchanges gasses between air and blood

  • Include inspiration (inhalation) and expiration (exhalation)

• Exchange of gases also occurs between blood and systemic tissue in body capillaries

• RBCs carry most of the O₂ traveling in the blood

Airflow in microscopic regions of the lungs:

R&L bronchi → bronchioles → alveolar ducts  alveoli

• Upper respiratory tract

• Organs in head and neck, from nose through larynx

• Infections here are referred to as URI

• Lower respiratory tract

• Organs of the thorax, trachea and through lungs

• Infections here are often bronchitis or pneumonia

• Respiratory division

• Alveoli & alveolar capillaries (where gas-exchange occurs)

• Nose: Functions

• “Conditions Air”  narrow entrance creates turbulance so most air contacts moist, ciliated mucous membrane (highly vascular)

     warms, cleans, & humidifies air before it reaches the lungs

nose Sensory 

Detects odors, aids in sense of taste

Nose: Resonating chamber

amplifies the voice

Nose: Bone and cartilage hold

nares open

• Nasal bones and cartilaginous supports (don’t memorize these)

Nasal Cavity: Olfactory mucosa lines roof of

nasal fossa

• Sensory cells of olfaction in roof of nasal cavity

Nasal Cavity: Respiratory mucosa lines

rest of nasal cavity with ciliated, pseudostratified epithelium

• Cilia constantly moving mucus toward esophagus for swallowing (HCl in stomach kills germs)

• Cilia slowed by cold air  why the nose runs in winter

Nasal Cavity: Defensive role of mucosa

• Mucus (from goblet cells) traps inhaled particles

• Many bacteria destroyed by lysozyme in mucus

• Cilia constantly moving mucus toward

esophagus for swallowing (HCl in stomach kills germs)

Cilia slowed by cold air

why the nose runs in winter

Many bacteria destroyed by

lysozyme in mucus

Mucus (from goblet cells)

traps inhaled particles

Regions of Pharynx: Nasopharynx

pathway for air

Regions of Pharynx: Orophaynx

air and food way

Regions of Pharynx

Regions of Pharynx

Regions of Pharynx