Science Knowt Adaptations and Mutations anwsers

Natural selection

1. the process by which forms of life having traits that better enable them to adapt to specific environmental pressures, as predators, changes in climate, or competition for food or mates, will tend to survive and reproduce in greater numbers than others of their kind, thus ensuring the perpetuation of those favorable traits in succeeding generations.

Adaptation

1. any alteration in the structure or function of an organism or any of its parts that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.

Camouflage

the act, means, or result of obscuring things to deceive an enemy, as by painting or screening objects so that they are lost to view in the background, or by making up objects that from a distance have the appearance of fortifications, guns, roads, etc..

Environmental pressures

1. the limiting effect of environmental conditions on the numerical growth of a population.

Population

the total number of people inhabiting a country, city, or any district or area.

Traits

a specific characteristic, quality, or distinguishing feature of an individual

Mutation

a permanent change or alteration in the DNA sequence of an organism’s genome

Environmental mutagens

the ordering of the large-scale aspects of the environment by means of architecture, engineering, landscape architecture, urban planning, regional planning, etc., usually in combination.

Whole Chromosome Mutation

a large-scale genetic alteration that affects the structure or entire number of chromosomes rather than a single gene

Gene Mutation

a permanent change or alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene

Substitution Mutation

the replacement of an atom or group of atoms in a compound by another atom or group.

Insertion Mutation

a genetic alteration where one or more extra nucleotide base pairs are added into a DNA sequence

Deletion Mutation

a genetic alteration where one or more nucleotides (base pairs) are removed from a DNA sequence

Artificial selection

a process in the breeding of animals and in the cultivation of plants by which the breeder chooses to perpetuate only those forms having certain desirable inheritable characteristics.

Genetic engineering

the development and application of scientific methods, procedures, and technologies that permit direct manipulation of genetic material in order to alter the hereditary traits of a cell, organism, or population.

Genetically Modified Organisms 

any plant, animal, or microorganism whose genetic material (DNA) has been deliberately altered in a laboratory using biotechnology

Transgenic organisms

An organism that has had part of another species'genome transferred into its own through the techniques of genetic engineering. (See also gmo.)

Gene Therapy

the application of genetic engineering to the transplantation of genes into human cells in order to cure a disease caused by a genetic defect, as a missing enzyme.