Avit 309 Final

To protect occupants from hypoxia and DCS

What is the primary purpose of pressurization?

Sealed cabins and pressurized cabins

What are the two types of pressurization systems?

Isobaric control and isobaric differential

What are the two pressurized cabin schedules?

False

True or false - a pilot never has to wear an oxygen mask if the cabin is pressurized?

Hypoxia, Trapped gas, Evolved gas, Fatigue, Thermal stress, Noise and Vibration

What physiological issues are minimized when using pressurization?

Improper inspections and maintenance, age and cycles of aircraft, higher differentials

What makes an aircraft susceptible to decompressions?

Slow

Rapid

Explosive

What are the three types of decompressions?

Slow

Which type of decompression has caused the most fatalities in recent history?

The popping and clicking of the ears on ascent

What is arguably the most reliable "alarm" for slow decompressions?

Explosive noise

What is normally the most prolific sign of rapid decompressions?

100% oxygen

What is a pilot's most immediate need following a decompression?

Five seconds

According to FAA regulations, a quick-don oxygen mask should be able to be donned, sealed and properly configured with one hand in how many seconds?

No biomarkers

What is one of the main problems in self-identifying fatigue in oneself?

Transient

Cumulative

Circadian

What are the three types of fatigue?

Scan discipline breaks down

What is the problem with instrument scanning when affected by channelized attention?

Stage I and REM

What stages of sleep are the most refreshing for humans?

Distraction

What is one of the main intellectual markers of fatigue in yourself?

85-92%

Based on studies, what is the percentage of professional pilots who have had to cope with fatigue?

20%

What percentage of pilots who experienced fatigue-related problems in flight actually filed reports?

Windows of circadian lows (WOCL)

With regards to circadian rhythms, what are the two periods of maximum sleepiness called?

Less than 500 mg

How many milligrams of caffeine per day is considered relatively harmless?

100-150 mg

How much caffeine should be consumed every two-three hours for maximum effectiveness?

Attention and Memory

NASA research indicates stress negatively affects core cognitive mechanisms of ________________ and ________________.

Physical

Physiological

Physchological

What are the three recognized types of stress?

True

True or false: Hypoxia may be a physiological stressor

True

True or false: Boredom may be a psychological stressor

True

True or false: Stress may be good for maximum performance

Alcohol, drugs, tobacco, circadian rhythm

What are examples of self-imposed stressors?

Academic

Procedure refinement

Cross-training

Practical training

What are the four phases of decreasing the effects of stress on team performance?

Resilience

What is considered the most important component of individual stress management?

Connection

Wellness

Healthy thinking

Meaning

What are the four core components of individual resilience-building characteristics?

Temperature, wind, water (precipitation)

What are environmental factors to consider when calculating the effects of thermal stress?

Perceptual, physical, environmnetal

What do the acute effects of thermal stress include?

25%

What percentage of expended energy actually goes towards performing the actual work?

Conduction

Convection

Radiation

What are the three heat transfer mechanisms?

95-103.9 degrees

What is our average body core temperature range?

104 degrees

At what core body temperature may organ damage and loss of neural function occur?

Fever

An elevation in one's core body temperature in an effort to destroy a viral species is known as a ________.

Dehydration

What do humans suffer from when they enter a deficit of bodily fluids?

30

Under the right environmental conditions, humans may become dehydrated in as fast as ______ minutes.

Vasoconstriction

What is the body's primary intial response to cold environmental exposure?

Metabolic

Shivering

Physical activity

What are the three methods humans generate heat?

95

Hypothermia occurs when core body temperature drops below _______ degrees F.

10 minutes or less

How fast could a human become frostbitten at a temperature of -25 degrees F with 20 mph winds?

Mental state/attitude

What is the most important component in successful mitigation of survival situations?

Yes

Can one's fear help in survival situations?

Panic leads to irrational decisions

Why is panic worse than fear?

Knowledge of thermal preparation

What is paramount in preparing for the elements?

Stay with the vehicle

With regards to survival travel, what is the best option?

3 days

How long may one last without water?

3 weeks

How long may one last without food?

Signaling

What is considered one's best option for neutralizing a survival situation?

Clothing

What is one first layer of shelter protection?

File a flight plan

What can a pilot do to provide the quickest and most accurate opportunity for rescue crews to find a downed pilot?

Medicinal

Extensive research has shown optimized diet and exercise programs provide major __________ benefits.

Smoking, Unhealthy diet, Physical inactivity

What are the three behaviors responsible for the majority of chronic and non-communicable diseases in the world today?

Food hygiene

Practicing adequate ____________ ensures the food one eats will be safe

Cardiovascular

Aerobic exercise targets the __________________ system of the body

Musculoskeletal

Anaerobic exercise targets the __________________ system of the body

$250k

A pilot falsifying their medical application may be fined up to ___________________.

Fever

Fatigue

Anxiety

Which of the following factors could personally affect your respiration rate?

Capillaries

Which of the following is responsible for the diffusion of oxygen from the bloodstream to body tissue?

Red Blood Cells

Nutrients flow through the bloodstream in which of the following mediums?

Oxygen

Hydration

Which of the following is necessary to maintain complete homeostasis?

Bends

Most individuals (70%) who develop decompression sickness initially have symptoms of which presentation of the disease?

All types

Mental confusion is a symptom of what type of hypoxia?

False

True or False: Flying with a light cold is considered safe if you are not exhibiting symptoms.

Lung Tissue Damage

The defining factor in explosive decompressions is:

DCS was an accepted part of high-altitude flight

Prior to the development of pressurized aircraft, decompression sickness (DCS):

1.5%

Decompression sickness typically presents itself when the risk (R) factor exceeds:

False

True or False: Type 2 DCS is the more probable form of DCS

On a tight-fitting (crew) oxygen mask

When treating for suspected decompression sickness, you must first place the individual:

By the semi-circular canals

In humans, angular acceleration is sensed:

Graveyard Spiral

A sub-threshold turn (less than 3 degrees per second) often contributes to which of the following spatial disorientation illusions?

False

True or False: Colors at the low end of the EM wavelength spectrum are the hardest focus on

False

True or False: An Enhanced-Vision System assists pilot seeing through thick, moist clouds

Ocular

Blood

Fatty body tissue

When experiencing high sustained G-forces in an aircraft, those forces affect the following molecules in the body:

Negative Gy

Which of the following G vectors is rarely, if ever, experienced in normal flight conditions?

"Moon-face" and Excess intestinal gas (BOTH A AND C)

Experiencing Zero-G environments for long periods of time may result in which of the following?

True

True or False: Hand-flying maneuvers generally produces more spatial disorientation events than flying on autopilot

Somatogravic Illusion

You are descending into a fog layer, as you enter the fog you get the sensation the nose of the aircraft is pitching up. You are experiencing a:

The runway has an upslope

You are on a visual approach to an airport, but even though the PAPI says you are on glideslope, you feel the approach is too steep. The most likely cause is because:

Cross-check your instruments to see what the aircraft is doing

You are on cruise flight on heading 090, when you are instructed to enter a left turn to 360. During the turn, you drop your phone on the floor and you feel out-of-control. The first thing you should do is:

POH

You are flying from Grand Forks to Atlanta. Where do you find out how much oxygen you need for you, your crew and passengers for that flight?

No, because the moisture content is higher and would freeze at altitude

Is it permissible to use medical oxygen instead of aviators breathing oxygen?

Flowmeter

What oxygen system device lets you know if you have oxygen flowing?

Contamination will get into the tank

What would happen if you completely drained your oxygen cylinder?

False

True or False: OBOGS is a popular civilian oxygen generating system

False

True or False: Continuous flow masks provide adequate protection from smoke and fumes

False

True or False: Is it acceptable to mix pressure-demand regulators with diluter demand masks?

There has been a Threshold shift in your hearing

Why is your hearing muffled after you leave a concert or other loud event?

Up/Down

Which direction is vibration least tolerated in humans?

Side-stick

Which airplane configuration is easiest to control?

Conduction

Which of the heat-transfer mechanisms is most effective?

Vasodilation

When I run in the summer, why does my face turn red?

Wipe sweat off as it appears

How do I interfere with a natural body-cooling mechanism?

Oxygen

Water

Sugar

Every cell in your body continuously requires

True

True or False: In the winter, it's not socks that keep your feet warm, it's blood flow

Overwork schedule and lack of adequate, quality, sleep

The mental health of people today is in danger mostly due to:

Becomes an antenna looking for danger and reasons to wake you up

When you fall asleep, what happens to your physical body?