Module 6 - sensory perception

What are the extraocular muscles responsible for?

They control the movement of the eye.

What is the purpose of a Snellen chart?

To assess distance visual acuity.

What does the Rosenbaum pocket screener assess?

Near visual acuity.

What is ptosis?

Drooping of the eyelid.

What is nystagmus?

Involuntary oscillation of the eyeball.

What does BCVA stand for?

Best Corrected Visual Acuity.

What defines legal blindness?

BCVA that does not exceed 20/200 in the better eye or a visual field of 20 degrees or less.

What is low vision?

Visual impairment that requires devices and strategies to perform visual tasks.

What is the primary goal of managing low vision?

To support independence and adaptation to visual loss.

What is glaucoma?

A group of ocular conditions characterized by damage to the optic nerve related to increased intraocular pressure.

What are common risk factors for glaucoma?

Age over 55-60, family history, and certain ethnic backgrounds.

What are the clinical manifestations of glaucoma?

Peripheral vision loss, blurring, halos, and difficulty focusing.

What is the purpose of tonometry?

To assess intraocular pressure (IOP).

What is a cataract?

An opacity or cloudiness of the lens.

What are the three types of cataracts?

Traumatic, congenital, and senile cataracts.

What are common symptoms of cataracts?

Painless blurry vision, sensitivity to glare, and reduced visual acuity.

What is phacoemulsification?

A surgical procedure for cataract removal using ultrasonic devices.

What is the role of the nurse in managing patients with glaucoma?

To educate about self-care and maintain adherence to therapeutic regimens.

What is the significance of the Amsler grid in eye assessments?

It is used to test for visual field defects.

What is the primary treatment goal for glaucoma?

To prevent further optic nerve damage and maintain IOP within a safe range.

What should be assessed in patients with low vision?

Functional ability and coping strategies related to visual impairment.

What is the recommended approach for describing food placement to a patient with low vision?

Use clock terms to indicate the position of food items.

What is the recommended intervention when assisting a legally blind patient?

Allow the patient to hold the nurse's arm above the elbow while walking.

What is the importance of collaboration with low-vision specialists?

To provide comprehensive support and resources for adaptation.

What are the diagnostic findings for cataracts?

Decreased visual acuity and lens opacity observed through an ophthalmoscope.

What is the role of optical coherence tomography?

To obtain high-resolution images of the retina and optic nerve.

What is the significance of assessing visual fields?

To detect peripheral vision loss associated with conditions like glaucoma.

What is the purpose of dilating eye drops in preoperative care for cataract surgery?

To prepare the eye for surgery by widening the pupil.

What should patients be instructed to do if they experience vision changes after cataract surgery?

Call their primary provider immediately.

What is a vital nursing intervention for patients with eye and vision disorders?

Patient education.

What should patients avoid doing for an extended period after cataract surgery?

Bending or stooping.

What is the most common type of retinal detachment?

Rhegmatogenous detachment.

What are the manifestations of retinal detachment?

Sensation of a shade or curtain, bright flashing lights, and sudden onset of floaters.

What is the purpose of a scleral buckle in retinal detachment surgery?

To compress the sclera and support the retina.

What is age-related macular degeneration (AMD)?

A leading cause of irreversible blindness and visual impairment, characterized by the breakdown of retinal layers.

What are the two types of age-related macular degeneration?

Dry (nonexudative) and wet (exudative) types.

What is a common cause of blindness in adults 40 years and older?

Diabetic retinopathy.

What should be done in the case of chemical eye injuries?

Flush the eyes and do not remove foreign objects.

What is the recommended action if a patient has a threatened corneal perforation?

Do not irrigate the corneal surface.

What is the significance of patient education after eye surgery?

It ensures understanding of signs of complications and promotes safety.

What should patients do if they experience increased pain after cataract surgery?

Contact their healthcare provider if pain is not relieved by acetaminophen.

What is the role of vitrectomy in retinal detachment treatment?

It is an intraocular procedure to repair the retina.

What are the safety measures for patients with low vision?

Education on safety strategies in the hospital and home setting.

What is the importance of supportive care in managing age-related macular degeneration?

To promote safety and improve function through recommendations like better lighting and magnification devices.

What should patients be cautious about when climbing stairs after cataract surgery?

They should be careful to prevent falls.

What is the best way to sneeze if necessary after cataract surgery?

With an open mouth to decrease intraocular pressure.

What is the classification of conjunctivitis?

By cause: bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, allergic, and toxic.

What is a key characteristic of viral conjunctivitis?

It is contagious.

What should be included in discharge instructions after cataract surgery?

Avoid lying on the side of the affected eye the night after surgery.

What is the rationale for avoiding heavy lifting after cataract surgery?

To prevent increased intraocular pressure and complications.

What is the significance of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) in retinal health?

It supports the sensory retina and is crucial for visual function.

What are the diagnostic findings for retinal detachment?

Assessment of visual acuity, indirect ophthalmoscope examination, and imaging techniques.

What is the primary function of the tympanic membrane?

To transmit sound vibrations from the outer ear to the middle ear.

What are the two main types of hearing loss?

Conductive and sensorineural hearing loss.

What is presbycusis?

Gradual hearing loss associated with aging.

What is tinnitus?

Perception of sound, often described as ringing in the ears.

What does the Rinne test assess?

It compares air conduction to bone conduction of sound.

What is the purpose of tympanometry?

To evaluate the function of the middle ear and the mobility of the tympanic membrane.

What is the main treatment for acute otitis media?

Antibiotic therapy.

What is a myringotomy?

A surgical procedure to create an incision in the tympanic membrane to relieve pressure or drain fluid.

What are common manifestations of external otitis?

Pain, tenderness, discharge, edema, erythema, and hearing loss.

What is a cholesteatoma?

A benign tumor that can cause hearing loss and may lead to complications if untreated.

What is the significance of the Weber test?

It helps determine the type of hearing loss by assessing lateralization of sound.

What is the first step in managing cerumen impaction?

Gentle irrigation with low pressure to remove the blockage.

What is the primary goal of patient education after mastoid surgery?

To prevent infection and promote healing.

What is benign positional vertigo (BPV)?

A condition characterized by brief episodes of vertigo triggered by changes in head position.

What dietary modification is recommended for patients with Ménière's disease?

A low-sodium diet (1000 to 1500 mg/day).

What is the role of audiometry in hearing assessment?

To measure hearing acuity and identify the degree of hearing loss.

What is the primary cause of sensorineural hearing loss?

Damage to the cochlea or vestibulocochlear nerve.

What are the symptoms of labyrinthitis?

Dizziness, hearing loss, and tinnitus.

What is the purpose of platform posturography?

To assess balance and postural control.

What is the main complication associated with chronic otitis media?

Damage to the tympanic membrane and ossicles, leading to hearing loss.

What is the significance of the auditory brainstem response test?

It evaluates the auditory pathway from the cochlea to the brainstem.

What is the recommended communication strategy for interacting with hearing-impaired individuals?

Use a low-tone, normal voice, speak slowly and distinctly, and reduce background noise.

What is the primary function of the vestibular system?

To maintain balance and spatial orientation.

What is the treatment for acoustic neuroma?

Surgical removal or monitoring, depending on the size and symptoms.

What is the purpose of electronystagmography?

To assess vestibular function by measuring eye movements.

What is the role of diuretics in treating Ménière's disease?

To help reduce fluid retention in the inner ear.

What is the primary concern during the recovery period after mastoid surgery?

Monitoring for signs of infection and managing pain.