Acids, Bases, and Salts

These flashcards cover essential vocabulary related to the chemistry of acids, bases, and salts, including definitions and contexts for each term.

Acid

A substance that produces hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water.

Base

A substance that produces hydroxide ions (OH-) in water.

Neutralisation Reaction

The reaction between an acid and a base to produce a salt and water.

Indicator

A substance that changes color in response to changes in pH, used to test for acids and bases.

pH Scale

A scale ranging from 0 to 14, used to measure the acidity or alkalinity of a solution.

Hydronium Ion

The ion formed when a hydrogen ion (H+) combines with a water molecule (H2O).

Sour Taste

The taste associated with acids.

Bitter Taste

The taste associated with bases.

Litmus Paper

A pH indicator that turns red in acidic solutions and blue in basic solutions.

Olfactory Indicator

A substance that changes its smell in acidic or basic conditions.

Salt

A product formed from the neutralisation reaction between an acid and a base.

Hydrochloric Acid (HCl)

A strong acid used in various laboratory and industrial processes.

Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH)

A strong base commonly used in cleaning products and industrial processes.

Carbon Dioxide (CO2)

A gas evolved when an acid reacts with a metal carbonate.

Acid Rain

Rain that has a pH lower than 5.6 due to the presence of dissolved acids.

Water of Crystallisation

The water molecules that are part of the structure of a crystal.

Plaster of Paris

A quick-setting material made from gypsum, used in construction and medical applications.

Bleaching Powder

A chemical compound used for bleaching and disinfecting, produced from chlorine and slaked lime.

Baking Soda

Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), used in cooking and as an antacid.

Washing Soda

Sodium carbonate decahydrate (Na2CO3·10H2O), used in cleaning and as a water softener.