Key Historical Developments from 1200 to 1900

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to historical developments from 1200 to 1900, assessing vocabulary knowledge and understanding.

Mercantilism

An economic policy that advocates government regulation of a nation's economy to enhance state power and financial strength.

Age of Enlightenment

An intellectual and philosophical movement that dominated the world of ideas in Europe during the 17th to 19th centuries.

Feminism

The advocacy of women's rights on the basis of equality of the sexes.

Zionism

The desire of Jews to reestablish an independent homeland where their ancestors had lived in the Middle East.

French Revolution

A revolutionary movement in France during the late 18th century that led to the establishment of a republic and the execution of the king and queen.

Liberté, égalité, et fraternité

A slogan of the French Revolution meaning 'liberty, equality, and fraternity'.

Reign of Terror

A period during the French Revolution characterized by severe political repression and mass executions of perceived enemies.

Toussaint L’Ouverture

A leader of the Haitian Revolution who led the enslaved populace in a rebellion against slavery.

Realpolitik

A system of politics or principles based on practical rather than moral or ideological considerations.

Industrial Revolution

A period of major industrialization that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries.

Bessemer Process

A method for producing steel by blowing air through molten iron to remove impurities.

Transcontinental Railroad

A railroad that connected the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, completed in 1869, facilitating U.S. industrial growth.

Muhammad Ali

The Ottoman governor who modernized Egypt's military and established educational reforms in the early 19th century.